Question

1. all of the following are regarded as primary causes of world war i except

○ communism.
○ militarism.
○ nationalism.

Explanation:

The primary causes of World War I are widely cited as militarism, alliances, imperialism, and nationalism (often summarized as M.A.I.N.). Communism emerged as a significant political force after WWI, following the 1917 Russian Revolution, and was not a primary cause of the war.

Answer:

communism.