Question

ap psychology - unit i test - research and perspectives
please do not write on test booklet

1. dr. evelyn is conducting an experiment to see if a new memory - enhancing drug improves test scores in high school students. she gives one group the new drug and another group a sugar pill that looks identical. neither the students nor the researchers administering the pills know who is getting which. this is an example of what kind of research methodology? a. single - blind procedure

b. double - blind procedure c. non - disclosure procedure d. uninformed consent procedure
e. placebo control procedure

1. after a student fails a math test, they tell their friend, \i knew i was going to fail that test all along; it was just too hard.\ this student is likely experiencing what cognitive bias?

a. falsifiability bias b. regression toward the mean bias c. hindsight bias
d. experimenter bias e. confirmation bias

1. a psychologist wants to see if the amount of sleep a person gets affects their reaction time. in this experiment, the amount of sleep is the a. confounding variable b. dependent variable

c. independent variable d. placebo effect variable e. control variable

1. a researcher is studying the effectiveness of a new therapy for anxiety. she measures the level of anxiety in her participants both before and after the therapy. the anxiety level is the

a. confounding variable b. dependent variable c. independent variable
d. placebo effect variable e. extraneous variable

1. a teacher notices that the more time students spend studying, the higher their exam grades tend to be. this observation is a measure of the relationship between two variables, but it doesnt prove that studying causes higher grades. what is this measure called? a. regression toward the mean

b. correlation c. statistical significance d. non - causation variables e. experimental validity

1. a study on the effects of caffeine on test performance randomly assigns participants to either a group that drinks a caffeinated beverage or a group that drinks a decaf beverage. which group is the one that receives the treatment (the caffeinated beverage)? a. control group b. random sample

c. population d. experimental group e. placebo group

1. a team of researchers wants to study the long - term effects of childhood trauma on adult behavior. they follow three individuals who experienced a specific traumatic event for over twenty years, collecting data through interviews, psychological tests, and observations. this method of research is best described as a(n): a. experiment b. naturalistic observation c. case study d. survey e. cross - sectional study
2. a researcher is conducting a study on the relationship between hours of exercise and stress levels. to avoid the possibility of their own expectations influencing the data, they decide to have a research assistant, who is unaware of the studys hypothesis, collect all the data. this is an attempt to mitigate what issue? a. experimenter bias b. sampling bias c. self - report bias d. social desirability bias

e. single - blind bias

1. a research team is examining the scores of all 1,000 students who took a standardized test. they want to find the middle score in the data set. what statistical measure would they use? a. mean

b. mode c. median d. standard deviation e. range

Explanation:

1. In a double - blind procedure, neither the participants nor the researchers know who is getting the treatment or placebo. Here, students don't know which pill they are getting and researchers don't know either, so it's a double - blind procedure.
2. Hindsight bias is the tendency to believe, after an event has occurred, that one would have predicted or expected the outcome. The student claims they knew they would fail after the fact.
3. The amount of sleep is the variable that the experimenter manipulates, so it is the independent variable.
4. The level of anxiety is what is being measured and is affected by the therapy, so it is the dependent variable.
5. Just because there is a relationship (more study time, higher grades) doesn't mean one causes the other. This is a correlation.
6. The group that receives the treatment (caffeinated beverage) is the experimental group.
7. Following a few individuals over a long time and collecting data through multiple methods is a case study.
8. Having a research assistant who is unaware of the hypothesis helps mitigate experimenter bias.
9. The median is the middle value in a data set, so it is used to find the middle score.

Answer:

1. B. Double - blind procedure
2. C. Hindsight bias
3. C. Independent variable
4. B. Dependent variable
5. B. Correlation
6. C. Experimental group
7. C. Case study
8. A. Experimenter bias
9. C. Median