Question

base your answers to questions 26 and 27 on the table below, which shows eight inferred stages describing the formation of the universe from its beginning to the present time.
data table
stage description of the universe average temperature of the universe (°c) time from the beginning of universe
1 the size of an atom? 0 second
2 the size of a grape - nut? 10^(-43) second
3 \hot soup\ of electrons? 10^(-6) second
4 cooling allows protons and neutrons to form 10^32 10^(-4) second
5 still too hot to allow the forming of atoms 10^12 10^(-6) second
6 electrons combine with protons and neutrons, forming hydrogen and helium atoms. light emission begins 10^9 3 minutes
7 hydrogen and helium form giant clouds (nebulae) that will become galaxies. first stars form 10,000 300,000 years
8 galaxy clusters form and first stars die. heavy elements are thrown into space, forming new stars and planets -200 1 billion years
-270 13.7 billion years

1. according to this table, the average temperature of the universe since stage 3 has

(1) decreased, only
(2) increased, only
(3) increased, then decreased
(4) remained the same

1. between which two stages did our solar system form?

(1) 6 and 7
(2) 3 and 5
(3) 1 and 3
(4) 7 and 8

1. which of the following electromagnetic waves has a frequency of 10^11 hz?

(1) ultraviolet
(2) infrared
(3) radiowaves
(4) microwaves

1. sun spots are believed to be most closely related to the suns

(1) changing size
(2) corona
(3) period of rotation
(4) magnetic field

Explanation:

Step1: Analyze temperature change in table

From stage 3 to stage 8, the average temperature values are $10^{27}$, $10^{13}$, $10^{9}$, $10000$, $- 200$, $-270$. The values are decreasing.

Step2: Determine answer for 26

Since the temperature is only decreasing from stage 3, the answer for 26 is (1).

Step3: Recall solar - system formation knowledge

The solar system formed after the formation of galaxies and stars. In the table, stage 7 is about the formation of galaxies and first - star formation, and stage 8 is about galaxy clusters formation and new - star formation. The solar system formed between these stages.

Step4: Determine answer for 27

So the answer for 27 is (4).

Step5: Recall electromagnetic - wave frequency ranges

Microwaves have frequencies in the range of $300\ MHz$ ($3\times10^{8}\ Hz$) to $300\ GHz$ ($3\times10^{11}\ Hz$). A frequency of $10^{11}\ Hz$ is in the microwave range.

Step6: Determine answer for 28

The answer for 28 is (4).

Step7: Recall sun - spot knowledge

Sun spots are regions of intense magnetic activity on the Sun. They are most closely related to the Sun's magnetic field.

Step8: Determine answer for 29

The answer for 29 is (4).

Answer:

1. (1) decreased, only
2. (4) 7 and 8
3. (4) Microwaves
4. (4) magnetic field