because of newly acquired independence, such as the ability to drive. other health and wellness issues come with new pressures from peers to engage in risky behaviors. their developing brain also makes adolescents vulnerable to risk - taking behavior, which can cause health and wellness issues.
important health and wellness concerns that may affect adolescents include accidents and injuries, overweight and obesity, substance use, sexual health issues, mental illness and suicide, and homicide. you have studied all of these issues throughout this text. to manage these issues, you can use the skills you have learned throughout this text (figure 22.9).

lesson 22.3 review
know and understand
1. which gland releases the hormone that begins puberty?
2. explain the difference between primary and secondary sexual characteristics.
3. why do females gain body fat in the hips and buttocks during puberty?
think critically
4. what do you think are some common concerns males and females have about puberty? where can teens get support and information about this process?
5. give an example of a situation you thought about concretely as a young adolescent that you think about more abstractly now.
6. with a partner, think back to what you have learned in previous chapters and brainstorm strategies teens could use to feel less self - conscious among their peers during adolescence.
7. why do you think feeling accepted is so important for many teens?
8. what are some examples of health and wellness issues you think teens in your community face more often than adults or children?

real world health skills
set goals the habits you form during adolescence have a huge impact on the kind of adulthood you will lead. learning skills for maintaining your health now prepares you to a healthy adulthood. with a partner, choose one of the skills for handling health and ness issues in figure 22.9 together, brainstorm smart goals you could set to use this
create one smart goal each of you will follow and hold each other accountable.

Question

because of newly acquired independence, such as the ability to drive. other health and wellness issues come with new pressures from peers to engage in risky behaviors. their developing brain also makes adolescents vulnerable to risk - taking behavior, which can cause health and wellness issues.
important health and wellness concerns that may affect adolescents include accidents and injuries, overweight and obesity, substance use, sexual health issues, mental illness and suicide, and homicide. you have studied all of these issues throughout this text. to manage these issues, you can use the skills you have learned throughout this text (figure 22.9).

lesson 22.3 review
know and understand
1. which gland releases the hormone that begins puberty?
2. explain the difference between primary and secondary sexual characteristics.
3. why do females gain body fat in the hips and buttocks during puberty?
think critically
4. what do you think are some common concerns males and females have about puberty? where can teens get support and information about this process?
5. give an example of a situation you thought about concretely as a young adolescent that you think about more abstractly now.
6. with a partner, think back to what you have learned in previous chapters and brainstorm strategies teens could use to feel less self - conscious among their peers during adolescence.
7. why do you think feeling accepted is so important for many teens?
8. what are some examples of health and wellness issues you think teens in your community face more often than adults or children?

real world health skills
set goals the habits you form during adolescence have a huge impact on the kind of adulthood you will lead. learning skills for maintaining your health now prepares you to a healthy adulthood. with a partner, choose one of the skills for handling health and ness issues in figure 22.9 together, brainstorm smart goals you could set to use this
create one smart goal each of you will follow and hold each other accountable.

Accepted Answer

To answer these questions, we'll address each one based on health and puberty knowledge:

### Question 1:
# Brief Explanations:
The hypothalamus signals the pituitary gland, but the gland that releases the hormone (gonadotropin - releasing hormone starts the process, but the pituitary gland releases LH and FSH which then act on gonads. However, the hypothalamus initiates, but the pituitary gland is the key gland that releases hormones to start puberty. Wait, actually, the hypothalamus secretes GnRH, which stimulates the anterior pituitary to release LH and FSH. But the question is which gland releases the hormone that begins puberty. The pituitary gland (anterior pituitary) releases luteinizing hormone (LH) and follicle - stimulating hormone (FSH) which then stimulate the gonads (testes in males, ovaries in females) to start producing sex hormones, thus beginning puberty.
# Answer:
The pituitary gland (anterior pituitary) releases hormones (luteinizing hormone and follicle - stimulating hormone) that begin puberty.

### Question 2:
# Brief Explanations:
Primary sexual characteristics are related to the reproductive organs themselves. They are present at birth (in a latent form) and develop during puberty. For example, in males, the growth and development of the testes and penis; in females, the growth and development of the ovaries, uterus, and vagina. Secondary sexual characteristics are the physical features that develop during puberty and are not directly related to reproduction. In males, this includes facial hair growth, deepening of the voice, and broad shoulders. In females, it includes breast development, widening of the hips, and growth of pubic hair.
# Answer:
Primary sexual characteristics involve the development of reproductive organs (e.g., testes/penis in males, ovaries/uterus in females) and are related to reproduction. Secondary sexual characteristics are non - reproductive physical traits that develop during puberty (e.g., facial hair/deep voice in males, breast development/widened hips in females).

### Question 3:
# Brief Explanations:
During puberty, females experience an increase in estrogen. Estrogen is responsible for the development of secondary sexual characteristics and also for the deposition of fat in the hips and buttocks. This fat deposition is part of the female body's preparation for potential pregnancy and childbirth, as it provides energy reserves and also helps in the development of the pelvic region to support a growing fetus.
# Answer:
Females gain body fat in the hips and buttocks during puberty due to the action of estrogen, which promotes fat deposition in these areas as part of sexual development and preparation for potential pregnancy.

### Question 4:
# Brief Explanations:
Common concerns males and females may have about puberty include concerns about body changes (like acne, body hair growth, changes in body shape), concerns about sexual development (like the development of reproductive organs, sexual feelings), and concerns about fitting in with peers as their bodies change. Teens can get support and information from parents, school health classes, trusted adults, and reliable health resources (like books or websites about puberty and adolescent health).
# Answer:
Common concerns about puberty: body changes (acne, body shape), sexual development. Support/information sources: parents, school health classes, trusted adults, reliable health resources.

### Question 5:
# Brief Explanations:
When I was a young adolescent, I thought about money in a concrete way, like how much a candy bar cost or how much money I needed to buy a new toy. Now, as I'm older, I think about money more abstractly, like how to budget for long - term goals (saving for college, retirement), how interest rates affect my savings and loans, and how to invest money to grow wealth over time.
# Answer:
As a young adolescent, I thought about money concretely (e.g., cost of a toy). Now, I think about it abstractly (e.g., budgeting for college, investing).

### Question 6:
# Brief Explanations:
Teens can feel less self - conscious among peers by focusing on their strengths (e.g., if they are good at a sport, they can join a sports team and bond with teammates over their shared interest), practicing positive self - talk (telling themselves they are valuable and unique), and finding common interests with peers (like joining a club for a hobby they enjoy). They can also learn to accept their body changes and understand that everyone is going through similar changes during puberty.
# Answer:
Strategies: Focus on strengths (e.g., join a sports team), positive self - talk, find common interests (e.g., join a hobby club), accept body changes.

### Question 7:
# Brief Explanations:
During adolescence, teens are in the process of developing their identity. They are trying to figure out who they are and where they fit in society. Feeling accepted by their peers gives them a sense of belonging, which is important for their self - esteem and mental well - being. It also helps them to develop social skills and feel more confident as they navigate the transition from childhood to adulthood.
# Answer:
Feeling accepted is important for teens as it gives them a sense of belonging, boosts self - esteem, helps in identity development, and aids in social skill development.

### Question 8:
# Brief Explanations:
Teens in my community often face issues like acne (a skin health issue), obesity (due to poor diet and lack of exercise), substance use (experimenting with alcohol or drugs), and mental health issues like anxiety and depression (due to academic pressure, social pressure, and body image concerns). These issues are more common among teens than among adults (who may have different stressors) or children (who are less likely to face issues like substance use or complex mental health issues related to identity development).
# Answer:
Examples: Acne, obesity, substance use, anxiety/depression. These are more common in teens due to puberty, social/academic pressure.

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