Question

chapter 14 review

1. a common kind of mechanical weathering is called

a. oxidation. c. carbonation. b. ice wedging. d. leaching.

1. oxides of sulfur and nitrogen that combine with water vapor cause

a. hydrolysis. b. acid rain. c. mechanical weathering. d. carbonation.

1. the surface area of rocks exposed to weathering is increased by

a. burial. c. leaching. b. accumulation. d. jointing.

1. chemical weathering is most rapid in

a. hot, dry climates. b. cold, dry climates. c. cold, wet climates. d. hot, wet climates.

1. the chemical composition of soil depends to a large extent on

a. topography. b. the soils a horizon. c. the parent material. d. the soils b horizon.

1. the soil in tropical climates is often

a. thick. c. dry. b. thin. d. fertile.

1. all of the following farming methods prevent gullying, except

a. terracing. c. contour plowing. b. strip - cropping. d. irrigation.

1. the type of mass movement that moves the most soil is a

a landslide. c. a rockfall. b a mudflow. d. creep.

1. the grinding away of rock surfaces through the mechanical action of rock or sand particles is called a carbonation. c. abrasion. b. hydrolysis. d. erosion.
2. the process by which softer rock wears away and leaves harder rock behind is a

chemical weathering. b. mechanical weathering. c. differential weathering. d. erosion.

Explanation:

1. Ice wedging is a common mechanical weathering process where water freezes in rock cracks, expanding and breaking the rock.
2. Oxides of sulfur and nitrogen react with water vapor to form acids, resulting in acid - rain.
3. Jointing in rocks creates more surface area exposed to weathering agents.
4. Chemical weathering is fastest in hot, wet climates due to increased chemical reaction rates.
5. The chemical composition of soil largely depends on the parent material from which it forms.
6. Tropical climate soils are often thick due to high weathering rates.
7. Irrigation is for watering crops and does not prevent gullying; terracing, contour plowing, and strip - cropping do.
8. A mudflow can move a large amount of soil as it is a fast - moving mass of water and soil.
9. Abrasion is the grinding away of rock surfaces by the mechanical action of rock or sand particles.
10. Differential weathering is when softer rock weathers away faster, leaving harder rock behind.

Answer:

1. b. ice wedging
2. b. acid rain
3. d. jointing
4. d. hot, wet climates
5. c. the parent material
6. a. thick
7. d. irrigation
8. b. a mudflow
9. c. abrasion
10. c. differential weathering