Question

chapter 3

1. energy enters a system as sunlight and a producer is able to produce 10 kilograms of tissue. if eaten, the producer would produce about __ kilograms of consumer tissue that would provide about __ kilograms of tissue for a secondary consumer.

a) 100; 10
b) 10; 1
c) 100; 1
d) 1; 0.1
e) 10; 0.1

1. living plants and the ocean are known as \carbon sinks\ because

a) they are made of carbon.
b) they create carbon.
c) they destroy carbon.
d) they store carbon.
e) due to gravity, carbon is found closer to the ground.

1. ____ are characteristics of an entire system that are greater than the sum of its parts.

a) open systems
b) closed systems
c) disturbances
d) emergent properties
e) feedback loops

1. which is the best example of a closed system?

a) a space station
b) a forest
c) a hotel
d) a lake
e) a river

1. which is not a characteristic of acids?

a) they readily give up hydrogen ions
b) they have a ph of less than 7
c) they react easily with living tissue
d) they react easily with nonliving minerals
e) all of these are characteristic of acids
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Explanation:

• Question 31: In an ecosystem, typically about 10% of the energy (and thus biomass) is transferred from one trophic level to the next. If a producer makes 10 kg of tissue, a primary - consumer eating it would produce about 1 kg of tissue (10% of 10 kg), and a secondary - consumer eating the primary - consumer would get about 0.1 kg of tissue (10% of 1 kg).
• Question 32: Carbon sinks are entities that store carbon. Living plants take in carbon dioxide during photosynthesis and store carbon in their biomass, and the ocean absorbs and stores large amounts of carbon dioxide.
• Question 33: Emergent properties are characteristics of a whole system that are greater than the sum of its parts. They arise from the interactions and relationships between the components of the system.
• Question 34: A space - station can be considered a closed system as it has limited exchange of matter with the outside environment compared to a forest, hotel, lake, or river which have more open exchanges with their surroundings.
• Question 35: Acids readily give up hydrogen ions, have a pH less than 7, and react easily with both living tissue and non - living minerals.

Answer:

1. D
2. D
3. D
4. A
5. E