Question

chapter 2: science, matter, energy, and systems
scientific method

• science is about __ things, asking __, and trying to understand causes
• scientists use three main tools:

1. ____
2. ____
3. ____

scientific method steps

• identify a __ or __
• research what is already ____
• develop a ____
• perform an ____
• draw ____

matter basics

• matter is anything that __ and has __
• can exist in three states: __, , __

atomic structure

• atoms have three main parts:

1. ____ (positive charge)
2. ____ (no charge)
3. ____ (negative charge)

chemical compounds

• elements combine to form ____
• chemical formula shows __ and their __
• example: h₂o - __ hydrogen and __ oxygen

energy concepts

• energy is the ability to do ____

1. kinetic energy: energy in ____
2. potential energy: ____ energy

energy laws

• first law of thermodynamics: energy can be __ but not __
• second law of thermodynamics: energy transforms from __ to __ quality

system characteristics

• systems have ____ parts that interact
• two types of feedback loops:

1. positive loop: ____ in the same direction
2. negative loop: ____ or balances itself

ecological tipping points

• occurs when a system can no longer ____ itself
• example: ____ effect with melting ice

Explanation:

Science involves observing things, asking questions. Scientists use observation, measurement, and experimentation. The scientific - method steps include identifying a problem or question, researching what is known, developing a hypothesis, performing an experiment, and drawing conclusions. Matter has mass and takes up space and exists as solid, liquid, gas. Atoms have protons (positive), neutrons (no charge), electrons (negative). Elements form compounds. A chemical formula shows elements and their ratios (e.g., H₂O has 2 hydrogens and 1 oxygen). Energy is the ability to do work, with kinetic (energy in motion) and potential (stored) energy. The first law of thermodynamics: energy can be transformed but not created or destroyed. The second law: energy transforms from high - to low - quality. Systems have interacting parts with positive (amplifies) and negative (stabilizes) feedback loops. Ecological tipping points occur when a system can't self - regulate, like the albedo effect with melting ice.

Answer:

• Science is about observing things, asking questions, and trying to understand causes. Scientists use three main tools:

1. Observation
2. Measurement
3. Experimentation

• Scientific Method Steps:
• Identify a problem or question
• Research what is already known
• Develop a hypothesis
• Perform an experiment
• Draw conclusions
• Matter Basics:
• Matter is anything that has mass and takes up space and has volume. Can exist in three states: solid, liquid, gas
• Atomic Structure:

1. Proton (positive charge)
2. Neutron (no charge)
3. Electron (negative charge)

• Chemical Compounds:
• Elements combine to form compounds
• Chemical formula shows elements and their ratios
• Example: H₂O - 2 hydrogen and 1 oxygen
• Energy Concepts:
• Energy is the ability to do work

1. Kinetic Energy: Energy in motion
2. Potential Energy: Stored energy

• Energy Laws:
• First Law of Thermodynamics: Energy can be transformed but not created or destroyed
• Second Law of Thermodynamics: Energy transforms from high - quality to low - quality
• System Characteristics:
• Systems have interacting parts
• Two types of feedback loops:

1. Positive Loop: Amplifies change in the same direction
2. Negative Loop: Diminishes change or balances itself

• Ecological Tipping Points:
• Occurs when a system can no longer self - regulate itself
• Example: Albedo effect with melting ice