common sense
1. what did thomas paine say the colonists needed so that the government could not abuse its power?
2. what did common sense encourage people to do to an abusive government?

mayflower compact
1. what new idea about government did the mayflower compact set up? what does that mean?
2. explain the idea of a social contract.
3. how does the 14th amendment reflect the goals of the colonists in the mayflower compact?

2. what influence from the english bill of rights can be seen in the declaration of independence?
3. what influence from the english bill of rights can be seen in the bill of rights?

Question

common sense
1. what did thomas paine say the colonists needed so that the government could not abuse its power?
2. what did common sense encourage people to do to an abusive government?

mayflower compact
1. what new idea about government did the mayflower compact set up? what does that mean?
2. explain the idea of a social contract.
3. how does the 14th amendment reflect the goals of the colonists in the mayflower compact?

2. what influence from the english bill of rights can be seen in the declaration of independence?
3. what influence from the english bill of rights can be seen in the bill of rights?

Accepted Answer

### Sub - question 1 (Common Sense - Question 1: What did Thomas Paine say the colonists needed so that the government could not abuse its power?)
# Brief Explanations:
Thomas Paine, in "Common Sense", advocated for the colonists to establish a government based on the consent of the governed and to have a system of checks and balances (or at least a government that was accountable to the people). He believed that the colonists should create a representative government where power was derived from the people, and the government's role was to protect the natural rights of the people. This way, if the government tried to abuse its power, the people (through their representatives or through collective action) could hold it accountable. Also, he pushed for the idea of independence from British rule, as he saw British rule as a form of tyranny, and by breaking away, the colonists could form their own government that was more likely to be responsive to their needs and less likely to abuse power.
# Answer:
Thomas Paine said the colonists needed to establish a government based on the consent of the governed (a representative government), have a system of accountability to the people, and break away from British rule (gain independence) so that the new government they formed would not abuse its power.

### Sub - question 2 (Common Sense - Question 2: What did Common Sense encourage people to do to an abusive government?)
# Brief Explanations:
"Common Sense" by Thomas Paine encouraged people (the American colonists) to resist and overthrow an abusive government. Paine argued that when a government becomes abusive and fails to protect the natural rights of the people (life, liberty, property), the people have the right and the duty to alter or abolish that government. In the context of the American colonies, this meant that the colonists should seek independence from the British government, which Paine portrayed as abusive, and establish their own government that would respect their rights.
# Answer:
"Common Sense" encouraged people (American colonists) to resist, alter, or abolish (overthrow) an abusive government (specifically the British government in the colonial context) and establish a new government that would protect their rights.

### Sub - question 3 (Mayflower Compact - Question 1: What new idea about government did the Mayflower Compact set up? What does that mean?)
# Brief Explanations:
The Mayflower Compact set up the idea of self - government and government based on the consent of the governed. The Pilgrims who signed the Mayflower Compact agreed to create a civil body politic and to make laws for the general good of the colony. This meant that instead of being governed solely by outside (British) authority or by a small group of leaders without input from the community, the colonists themselves would have a role in creating the rules and governing the colony. It was a form of direct democracy in a sense, as the signers (the adult male colonists) agreed to be bound by the laws they would make, and it established the principle that government power comes from the people who are being governed, not from an external or arbitrary source.
# Answer:
- New idea: The Mayflower Compact set up the idea of self - government and government based on the consent of the governed.
- Meaning: The colonists (Pilgrims) agreed to form a civil body politic, make laws for the good of the colony, and be bound by those laws. It meant that the power of government came from the people (the colonists) who were being governed, and they would have a role in creating and abiding by the rules of their community, rather than being ruled by an external or unaccountable authority.

### Sub - question 4 (Mayflower Compact - Question 2: Explain the idea of a Social Contract.)
# Brief Explanations:
The social contract is a political and philosophical idea. It posits that individuals give up some of their natural freedoms (or rights) to a government or a governing body in exchange for protection of their remaining rights (such as life, liberty, property) and for the benefits of living in an organized society. In the context of the Mayflower Compact, the Pilgrims entered into a social contract: they agreed to follow the laws and rules of the civil body politic they created, and in return, that body would provide order, protection, and the ability to live together in a functioning community. The idea is that the government's legitimacy comes from the consent of the people who enter into this contract, and if the government fails to fulfill its part of the contract (by not protecting rights or acting in the people's best interest), the people may have the right to change or abolish that government.
# Answer:
The social contract is an agreement where individuals (people) surrender some natural freedoms to a government (or governing entity) in return for the government protecting their other rights (like life, liberty, property) and providing the benefits of an organized society. In the Mayflower Compact's context, colonists agreed to follow colony - made laws (giving up some individual autonomy) to gain order, protection, and a functioning community. Government legitimacy comes from people's consent, and people can alter/abolish a government that breaks the contract.

### Sub - question 5 (Mayflower Compact - Question 3: How does the 14th Amendment reflect the goals of the colonists in the Mayflower Compact?)
# Brief Explanations:
The Mayflower Compact's goals included self - government, equality under the law (in the sense of a community - made law applying to all signers), and protection of the community's well - being. The 14th Amendment to the US Constitution has several provisions that reflect these goals. The Equal Protection Clause of the 14th Amendment ensures that all persons (not just citizens initially, but over time the interpretation has expanded) are treated equally under the law, which aligns with the Mayflower Compact's idea of a law - abiding community where all are subject to the same rules. The Due Process Clause protects the rights of individuals, similar to how the Mayflower Compact aimed to protect the colonists' rights as they formed their community. Also, the 14th Amendment, like the Mayflower Compact, is a form of a social contract - based governance, as it is part of the US legal system that is based on the consent of the governed (in a broader, constitutional sense) and aims to ensure a just and orderly society, just as the Mayflower Compact aimed to create order and justice for the Pilgrim community.
# Answer:
The 14th Amendment reflects the Mayflower Compact's goals in several ways: 1. **Equal Protection**: The Equal Protection Clause ensures all are equal under the law, similar to the Compact's idea of a community - wide, equal - application law. 2. **Due Process**: Protects individual rights, like the Compact aimed to protect colonists' rights. 3. **Social Contract - like Governance**: Both are part of a system where governance is based on (broadly) the consent of the governed, aiming for a just, orderly society (the Compact for the Pilgrim community, the 14th Amendment for the US as a whole).

### Sub - question 6 (English Bill of Rights - Question 2: What influence from the English Bill of Rights can be seen in the Declaration of Independence?)
# Brief Explanations:
The English Bill of Rights established several principles that influenced the Declaration of Independence. It recognized the rights of individuals against an overreaching government, such as the right to petition the government, the right to a fair trial, and limitations on the power of the monarchy. The Declaration of Independence drew on the idea that a government that abuses the rights of the people (life, liberty, pursuit of happiness - similar in spirit to the rights protected in the English Bill of Rights) can be rejected. The Declaration's list of grievances against the British Crown includes complaints about the king's violation of rights, which is in line with the English Bill of Rights' emphasis on protecting rights from governmental abuse. Also, the idea of popular sovereignty (that government's power comes from the people) was hinted at in the English Bill of Rights (through limitations on the monarchy and recognition of parliamentary - people's representation) and was developed further in the Declaration of Independence's assertion that governments derive their just powers from the consent of the governed.
# Answer:
Influences of the English Bill of Rights on the Declaration of Independence include: 1. **Right Protection Against Government Abuse**: The English Bill of Rights protected rights (e.g., petition, fair trial) from monarchical abuse; the Declaration lists grievances of British rights - abuse and asserts people can reject such a government. 2. **Popular Sovereignty Hint**: The Bill limited monarchy (recognizing parliamentary/people's role), and the Declaration developed this into "governments derive power from consent of the governed". 3. **List of Grievances Model**: The Bill's stance against monarchical overreach influenced the Declaration's detailed complaints against the British Crown.

### Sub - question 7 (English Bill of Rights - Question 3: What influence from the English Bill of Rights can be seen in the Bill of Rights (US)?)
# Brief Explanations:
The English Bill of Rights had a significant influence on the US Bill of Rights. The English Bill of Rights protected rights such as the right to petition the government, the right to a fair trial, the right to be free from cruel and unusual punishment, and the right to bear arms (for self - defense and for the defense of the realm). The US Bill of Rights incorporated many of these ideas: the First Amendment's right to petition the government is directly influenced by the English Bill of Rights. The Eighth Amendment's prohibition of cruel and unusual punishment also has roots in the English Bill of Rights. The Second Amendment's right to keep and bear arms can be traced back to the English Bill of Rights' recognition of the right to bear arms for self - defense and the defense of the community. Also, the idea of limiting the power of the government (federal government in the US case) to protect individual rights is a principle that both the English Bill of Rights (limiting the monarchy) and the US Bill of Rights (limiting the federal government) share.
# Answer:
Influences of the English Bill of Rights on the US Bill of Rights include: 1. **Right to Petition**: The First Amendment's petition right comes from the English Bill of Rights. 2. **Cruel/Unusual Punishment**: The Eighth Amendment's ban is influenced by the English Bill of Rights. 3. **Right to Bear Arms**: The Second Amendment's right has roots in the English Bill of Rights' arm - bearing recognition. 4. **Government Power Limitation**: Both limit government (monarchy in England, federal in US) to protect individual rights.

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Explanation:

Sub - question 1 (Common Sense - Question 1: What did Thomas Paine say the colonists needed so that the government could not abuse its power?)

Answer:

Sub - question 2 (Common Sense - Question 2: What did Common Sense encourage people to do to an abusive government?)