Question

complete the following chart.
event or policy | description or explanation
reasons for the stock market crash and great depression |
causes of the dust bowl |
new deal: relief, recovery and reform |
social security act |
impact of eleanor roosevelt on the role of the \first lady\ |
challenges to the new deal |

Explanation:

1. For the stock market crash and Great Depression: Key factors include overspeculation in the stock market (buying on margin), weak banking systems, overproduction in agriculture and industry, and unequal wealth distribution that reduced consumer spending.
2. For the Dust Bowl: Caused by poor farming practices (overplowing native grasses) that removed soil stability, combined with severe drought in the Great Plains region of the U.S. in the 1930s.
3. For the New Deal's three pillars: Relief provided immediate aid to unemployed and struggling Americans; Recovery aimed to restart economic growth; Reform put in place regulations to prevent future economic crises.
4. For the Social Security Act: A 1935 New Deal law that created a federal system of old-age pensions, unemployment insurance, and aid to dependent children and disabled individuals.
5. For Eleanor Roosevelt's impact: She expanded the First Lady role by advocating for marginalized groups (like African Americans, workers), traveling widely to connect with citizens, and using her platform to push for New Deal goals.
6. For New Deal challenges: Conservative critics argued it overreached federal power and violated free markets; the Supreme Court struck down several key New Deal programs early on; some radical critics claimed it did not do enough to address poverty and inequality.

Answer:

Event or Policy	Description or Explanation
Causes of the Dust Bowl	Destructive farming practices (overplowing native prairie grasses) eliminating soil stability, paired with extreme, prolonged drought in the U.S. Great Plains (1930s).
New Deal: Relief, Recovery and Reform	Relief: Immediate aid for unemployed/needy (e.g., WPA, FERA); Recovery: Programs to restart economic growth (e.g., NRA, AAA); Reform: Regulations to prevent future crises (e.g., FDIC, SEC).
Social Security Act	1935 New Deal legislation establishing federal old-age retirement pensions, unemployment insurance, and assistance for dependent children and disabled people.
Impact of Eleanor Roosevelt on the Role of the "First Lady"	Transformed the role into an active, public advocacy position; advocated for civil rights, worker rights, and marginalized groups; traveled extensively to engage with Americans and promote New Deal policies.
Challenges to the New Deal	Conservative opposition (argued it expanded federal power excessively); Supreme Court invalidated key early programs; radical critics claimed it failed to sufficiently address poverty and economic inequality.