Question

constitutional principles
name
b. principle examples. in this activity, you will read five things that were said or written around the time the constitution was created. follow the instructions for each one.

1. during the debate over the constitution, james madison made this argument in an essay we now call the federalist 45:

“the powers delegated by the proposed constitution to the federal government are few and defined. those which are to remain in the state governments are numerous and indefinite.”
a. which principle best describes madisons argument about the federal government?
popular sovereignty
checks and balances
limited government
rule of law
separation of powers
b. underline the words or phrases that helped you decide which principle to choose.
c. explain the connection between what madison said and the principle you selected.

1. in the federalist 39, james madison explained this:

“the house of representatives, like that of one branch at least of all the state legislatures, is elected immediately by the great body of the people. the senate, like the present congress, and the senate of maryland, derives its appointment indirectly from the people. the president is indirectly derived from the choice of the people, according to the example in most of the states. even the judges, with all other officers of the union, will, as in the several states, be the choice, though a remote choice, of the people themselves.”
a. which principle best describes madisons argument about the federal government?
popular sovereignty
checks and balances
limited government
rule of law
separation of powers
b. underline the words or phrases that helped you decide which principle to choose.
c. explain the connection between what madison said and the principle you selected.

Explanation:

1a. Madison's statement emphasizes that federal government powers are few and defined, while state - government powers are numerous and indefinite, which aligns with the concept of Limited Government where the powers of the central government are restricted. Key phrases are "powers delegated... are few and defined" and "remain in the State governments are numerous and indefinite".
1c. The connection is that Limited Government principle ensures the federal government does not overstep its boundaries, and Madison's statement shows a clear demarcation of limited federal powers compared to more expansive state powers.
2a. Madison describes how different branches of the federal government (House of Representatives, Senate, President, judges) are either directly or indirectly chosen by the people. This reflects the principle of Popular Sovereignty where the power of the government comes from the people. Key phrases are "elected immediately by the great body of the people", "derives its appointment indirectly from the people", "indirectly derived from the choice of the people", "be the choice... of the people themselves".
2c. The connection is that Popular Sovereignty is about the people being the source of government power, and Madison's description of the selection process of government officials shows that the people have a role in creating the government.

Answer:

1a. Limited Government
1b. "The powers delegated by the proposed Constitution to the federal government are few and defined. Those which are to remain in the State governments are numerous and indefinite."
1c. The statement shows a limitation on federal government powers, which is the essence of the Limited Government principle.
2a. Popular Sovereignty
2b. "elected immediately by the great body of the people", "derives its appointment indirectly from the people", "indirectly derived from the choice of the people", "be the choice... of the people themselves"
2c. The description of how government officials are chosen by the people reflects the idea that the people are the source of government power in Popular Sovereignty.