Question

directions: answer the following questions about \technology as a system.\ insert pictures or diagrams to help support your answers. (100 points) 1. how do the components of a modern smartphone (hardware, software, network connectivity) interact to deliver the overall user experience, and what happens when one component fails? answer: 2. in the context of a smart city infrastructure (e.g., traffic control, power grid, public transport), what are the major subsystems involved, and how is their interdependency managed to prevent cascading failures? answer: 3. what are the primary inputs (e.g., data, energy, resources) and outputs (e.g., products, waste, information) of a large - scale manufacturing system utilizing automation and robotics? answer: 4. how does the feedback loop operate within a self - driving car system, specifically detailing how sensor data leads to real - time adjustments in speed and steering? answer:

Explanation:

1. Smartphone Components: The hardware provides the physical structure and processing power. The software runs on the hardware, enabling applications and user - interface functions. Network connectivity allows for communication and access to online services. If the hardware fails (e.g., a damaged processor), the phone may not boot. If software fails (e.g., a crashed operating system), apps may not work. If network connectivity fails, online functions are lost.
2. Smart City Infrastructure: Major subsystems include traffic control (sensors, cameras, and signal systems), power grid (generators, transformers, and distribution lines), and public transport (vehicles, stations, and control centers). Their interdependency is managed through redundancy, monitoring, and advanced control systems. For example, power outages can affect traffic control and public transport, so backup power sources are used.
3. Manufacturing System: Primary inputs are raw materials, energy (electricity, fuel), and data (production instructions). Outputs are finished products, waste (e.g., scrap metal, chemical waste), and information (production reports). Automation and robotics use the inputs to produce outputs efficiently.
4. Self - Driving Car Feedback Loop: Sensors (e.g., lidar, cameras) collect data about the environment. This data is processed by the car's computer. Based on the data, the computer makes real - time adjustments to speed (e.g., slowing down for traffic) and steering (e.g., avoiding an obstacle).

Answer:

1. Hardware provides physical base and processing. Software runs on it for functions. Network enables communication. Hardware failure may stop booting, software failure affects apps, network failure cuts online access.
2. Major subsystems are traffic control, power grid, public transport. Interdependency is managed via redundancy, monitoring, control systems like backup power for outages.
3. Inputs: raw materials, energy, data. Outputs: products, waste, information. Automation/robotics use inputs for efficient output.
4. Sensors collect data, computer processes it and makes real - time speed and steering adjustments.