1) draw an atom of helium, include the electrons, protons and neutrons. \x\ out electrons that are lost or draw in extra electrons that are gained as empty circles \o\. 2) explain how to determine the oxidation or charge of helium using math or pictures. 3) complete the table to the right for helium. atomic number, # of protons, # of electrons, # of valence electrons, circle the correct response + number of electrons to achieve a full outer shell, oxidation number 4) draw an atom of beryllium, include the electrons, protons and neutrons. \x\ out electrons that are lost or draw in extra electrons that are gained as empty circles \o\. 5) explain how to determine the oxidation or charge of beryllium using math or pictures. 6) complete the table to the right for beryllium. atomic number, # of protons, # of electrons, # of valence electrons, circle the correct response + number of electrons to achieve a full outer shell, oxidation number 7) draw an atom of nitrogen, include the electrons, protons and neutrons. \x\ out electrons that are lost or draw in extra electrons that are gained as empty circles \o\. 8) explain how to determine the oxidation or charge of nitrogen using math or pictures. 9) complete the table to the right for nitrogen. atomic number, # of protons, # of electrons, # of valence electrons, circle the correct response + number of electrons to achieve a full outer shell, oxidation number

Question

Accepted Answer

### Question 1: Draw an atom of Helium
# Brief Explanations:
Helium has an atomic number of 2, so it has 2 protons and 2 neutrons (mass number ≈ 4, so neutrons = 4 - 2 = 2) in the nucleus. The electron configuration is 2 electrons in the first (only) shell. Draw a nucleus with 2 protons (p⁺) and 2 neutrons (n⁰), and a single electron shell around it with 2 electrons (e⁻) as "X" (no gain/loss here, as He is stable).

# Answer:
- Nucleus: 2 protons (labeled p⁺) and 2 neutrons (labeled n⁰).
- Electron shell: 2 electrons (labeled e⁻ or "X") in the first shell.

### Question 2: Determine Helium’s oxidation/charge
# Brief Explanations:
Helium is a noble gas with a full outer shell (2 electrons, which fills the first shell). To achieve a full outer shell, it needs 0 electrons (neither gain nor lose). Oxidation number = 0 (neutral, no electron transfer). Using math: Valence electrons = 2 (full shell). Required for full shell: 2 (first shell capacity). Difference = 2 - 2 = 0 → no gain/loss, charge = 0.

# Answer:
Helium has a full outer shell (2 electrons), so it neither gains nor loses electrons. Oxidation number = 0 (charge = 0).

### Question 3: Complete Helium’s table
# Explanation:
## Step 1: Atomic Number
Helium’s atomic number is 2 (given or known from periodic table).
## Step 2: Protons
Protons = atomic number = 2.
## Step 3: Electrons (neutral atom)
Electrons = protons = 2.
## Step 4: Valence Electrons
Helium has 2 valence electrons (fills the first shell).
## Step 5: Electron Gain/Loss
Full outer shell (2 electrons), so neither gain nor lose (0 electrons).
## Step 6: Oxidation Number
Neutral, so oxidation number = 0.

# Answer:
| Atomic Number | # of Protons | # of Electrons | # of Valence Electrons | Electron Action | Oxidation Number |
|---------------|--------------|----------------|------------------------|-----------------|------------------|
| 2             | 2            | 2              | 2                      | NEITHER (0)     | 0                |

### Question 4: Draw an atom of Beryllium
# Brief Explanations:
Beryllium (atomic number 4) has 4 protons, 5 neutrons (mass number ≈ 9, so 9 - 4 = 5) in the nucleus. Electron configuration: 2 in first shell, 2 in second shell (valence electrons = 2). Draw nucleus (4p⁺, 5n⁰), first shell with 2 e⁻, second shell with 2 e⁻ (no gain/loss yet, but it tends to lose 2 to fill outer shell).

# Answer:
- Nucleus: 4 protons (p⁺) and 5 neutrons (n⁰).
- First electron shell: 2 electrons (e⁻).
- Second electron shell: 2 electrons (e⁻, labeled "X" if losing, but initially neutral).

### Question 5: Determine Beryllium’s oxidation/charge
# Brief Explanations:
Beryllium has 2 valence electrons (second shell). The second shell needs 8 for fullness, but losing 2 is easier (requires less energy) than gaining 6. Using math: Valence e⁻ = 2. Full outer shell (second) needs 8. Difference: 8 - 2 = 6 (gain) or 2 - 0 = 2 (lose). Losing 2 is easier. So it loses 2 electrons, charge = +2 (oxidation number = +2).

# Answer:
Beryllium has 2 valence electrons. It loses 2 electrons to achieve a full outer shell (first shell, 2 electrons). Charge = +2 (oxidation number = +2).

### Question 6: Complete Beryllium’s table
# Explanation:
## Step 1: Atomic Number
Beryllium’s atomic number is 4 (given or periodic table).
## Step 2: Protons
Protons = atomic number = 4.
## Step 3: Electrons (neutral atom)
Electrons = protons = 4.
## Step 4: Valence Electrons
Beryllium has 2 valence electrons (second shell).
## Step 5: Electron Action
Loses 2 electrons (easier than gaining 6) to fill outer shell.
## Step 6: Oxidation Number
Loses 2 → charge = +2.

# Answer:
| Atomic Number | # of Protons | # of Electrons | # of Valence Electrons | Electron Action | Oxidation Number |
|---------------|--------------|----------------|------------------------|-----------------|------------------|
| 4             | 4            | 4              | 2                      | LOSE 2          | +2               |

### Question 7: Draw an atom of Nitrogen
# Brief Explanations:
Nitrogen (atomic number 7) has 7 protons, 7 neutrons (mass number ≈ 14, so 14 - 7 = 7) in the nucleus. Electron configuration: 2 in first shell, 5 in second shell (valence electrons = 5). Draw nucleus (7p⁺, 7n⁰), first shell with 2 e⁻, second shell with 5 e⁻ (tends to gain 3 to fill second shell).

# Answer:
- Nucleus: 7 protons (p⁺) and 7 neutrons (n⁰).
- First electron shell: 2 electrons (e⁻).
- Second electron shell: 5 electrons (e⁻, draw 3 empty circles "O" to show gain of 3).

### Question 8: Determine Nitrogen’s oxidation/charge
# Brief Explanations:
Nitrogen has 5 valence electrons (second shell). Second shell needs 8. Gaining 3 is easier (8 - 5 = 3) than losing 5. Using math: Valence e⁻ = 5. Full shell needs 8. Difference: 8 - 5 = 3 (gain). So it gains 3 electrons, charge = -3 (oxidation number = -3).

# Answer:
Nitrogen has 5 valence electrons. It gains 3 electrons to achieve a full outer shell (8 electrons). Charge = -3 (oxidation number = -3).

### Question 9: Complete Nitrogen’s table
# Explanation:
## Step 1: Atomic Number
Nitrogen’s atomic number is 7 (given or periodic table).
## Step 2: Protons
Protons = atomic number = 7.
## Step 3: Electrons (neutral atom)
Electrons = protons = 7.
## Step 4: Valence Electrons
Nitrogen has 5 valence electrons (second shell).
## Step 5: Electron Action
Gains 3 electrons (8 - 5 = 3) to fill outer shell.
## Step 6: Oxidation Number
Gains 3 → charge = -3.

# Answer:
| Atomic Number | # of Protons | # of Electrons | # of Valence Electrons | Electron Action | Oxidation Number |
|---------------|--------------|----------------|------------------------|-----------------|------------------|
| 7             | 7            | 7              | 5                      | GAIN 3          | -3               |

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QUESTION IMAGE

Question

Explanation:

Question 1: Draw an atom of Helium

Step 1: Atomic Number

Step 2: Protons

Step 3: Electrons (neutral atom)

Step 4: Valence Electrons

Step 5: Electron Gain/Loss

Step 6: Oxidation Number

Answer:

Question 2: Determine Helium’s oxidation/charge