Question

1. draw and label the parts of an atom. 2. draw a water molecule and label the positive and negative charges.

Explanation:

1. Draw and label the parts of an atom

An atom consists of a nucleus at the center, which contains protons (positively charged) and neutrons (neutral). Surrounding the nucleus are electrons (negatively charged) in electron shells or orbitals. To draw it:

1. Draw a small circle or sphere to represent the nucleus.
2. Inside the nucleus, draw smaller circles or dots to represent protons (label with "+" or "Proton") and neutrons (label with "Neutron" or no charge symbol).
3. Around the nucleus, draw one or more larger circles (electron shells) with dots on them to represent electrons (label with "-" or "Electron"). For a simple model like a Bohr model, for example, a hydrogen atom would have 1 proton in the nucleus and 1 electron in the first shell; a helium atom would have 2 protons, 2 neutrons in the nucleus, and 2 electrons in the first shell.

A water molecule ($\ce{H_2O}$) has a bent (angular) shape. The oxygen atom is more electronegative than hydrogen, so it pulls the shared electrons in the covalent bonds closer to itself. This gives the oxygen end a partial negative charge ($\delta^-$) and the hydrogen ends partial positive charges ($\delta^+$). To draw it:

1. Draw the oxygen atom (usually larger) in the center.
2. Draw two hydrogen atoms bonded to the oxygen at an angle (about 104.5°).
3. Label the oxygen with $\delta^-$ (partial negative charge) and each hydrogen with $\delta^+$ (partial positive charge).

Answer:

• Nucleus: Contains protons (positive charge) and neutrons (neutral).
• Protons: Positively charged particles in the nucleus.
• Neutrons: Neutral particles in the nucleus.
• Electrons: Negatively charged particles in electron shells/orbitals surrounding the nucleus.

2. Draw a water molecule and label the positive and negative charges