Question

each person in a simple random sample of 1,800 received a survey, and 267 people returned their survey. how could nonresponse cause the results of the survey to be biased? those who did not respond reduced the sample size, and small samples have more bias than large samples. those who did not respond caused a violation of the assumption of independence. those who did not respond are indistinguishable from those who did not receive the survey. those who did not respond may differ in some important way from those who did respond. those who did not respond represent a stratum, changing the random sample into a stratified random sample.

Explanation:

Non - response bias occurs when non - respondents have different characteristics, opinions, or behaviors compared to respondents. If those who did not respond differ in an important way from those who did respond, the sample will not be representative of the population, leading to biased results. Small sample size is not the main issue with non - response bias. Non - response does not violate the independence assumption in the way described. Non - respondents are distinguishable from non - receivers as they were part of the sample. Non - response does not change the sample type to a stratified random sample.

Answer:

Those who did not respond may differ in some important way from those who did respond