Question

expansion of voters rights
over time, many early american limits on voting rights have been repealed, but this was not always an easy process. many new policies arose to resist such progress, but thankfully voting is now broadly accessible in the u.s.

early voting rights
early on, many american states required property ownership to vote, but this was dropped across the early 1800s.

• by the early 1800s, every white male citizen was able to vote regardless of property, and this expanded to encompass african american men with the 15th amendment

controversial voting requirements
despite the protection of voting rights in the reconstruction amendments, several policies often made it disproportionately difficult for african americans to vote.

• poll taxes were sometimes instituted to obstruct the poor from voting, restricting impoverished african americans
• difficult literacy tests were designed to impede the voting rights of the uneducated, many of whom were african american.
• grandfather clauses allowed many whites to bypass taxes and tests, provided their ancestors had voted before 1867

poll taxes and literacy tests had what effects on voting?

• they provided extra voting security.
• they frequently impeded african - american voting.
• they ensured that voters knew current events.

Explanation:

The provided text states poll taxes obstructed poor (disproportionately African American) voters, and literacy tests impeded the uneducated, many of whom were African American. These policies were designed to make voting harder for African Americans, while grandfather clauses let whites bypass them. The other options are incorrect: the measures were not for security or ensuring knowledge of current events.

Answer:

They frequently impeded African-American voting.