Question

the explicit redistribution of income uses

a. regulations and transfer payments.
b. provision of public goods and regulations.
c. income transfers in kind and the minimum wage
d. transfer payments and income transfers in kind.

Explanation:

Explicit income - redistribution involves direct methods. Transfer payments (like welfare, Social - Security) are direct monetary transfers to individuals. Income transfers in kind (such as food stamps, housing assistance) are non - monetary transfers of goods and services to help redistribute income. Regulations may affect income distribution indirectly but are not the main tools for explicit redistribution. Provision of public goods is not a direct income - redistribution tool. The minimum wage is a labor market regulation and not a form of explicit income redistribution in the same sense as transfer payments and in - kind transfers.

Answer:

D. transfer payments and income transfers in kind