Question

the first estate in french society was composed of
the clergy
people with special courts
people who did not pay taxes
all of the abve

Explanation:

In French society before the Revolution, the First Estate was the clergy. The clergy (First Estate) and nobility (Second Estate) were exempt from most taxes, and the "people with special courts" also relates to the privileged classes including the clergy. So all the options about the First Estate's composition (clergy, special courts, no tax payment) are correct.

Answer:

D. all of the above (Note: Assuming the options are labeled as A: the Clergy, B: people with special courts, C: people who did not pay taxes, D: all of the above)