Question

formation of sedimentary rocks
the formation of sedimentary rocks is called ____________.
it is the process of ____________ unconsolidated sediments into sedimentary rock.

through the various __________ related processes of mountain building, all types of rocks are ________ and ________ at the surface. once exposed, they are __________, both physically and chemically.

the weathering products – mostly small rock fragments – are eroded, transported and then deposited as ____________.

__________ and __________ occur through the action of glaciers, water, and wind, and sediments are deposited in rivers, lakes, deserts, or oceans.

then comes the process of __________ and ________. this is the point in the formation of sedimentary rocks where the sediment gets ________ by the weight of the water above it as well as the weight of the sediment that gets deposited on top of it over __________.

compaction and cementation go __________ in the formation of sedimentary rock. ________ comes before cementation, and it is the process by which sedimentary rocks are ________ under other sediment and are then __________ together.

Answer:

Filling the Blanks (based on Sedimentary Rock Formation Knowledge)

1. First Blank (Formation Name):

The formation of sedimentary rocks is called Lithification.
(Explanation: Lithification is the term for turning sediments into sedimentary rock.)

1. Second Blank (Process Description):

It is the process of converting unconsolidated sediments into sedimentary rock.
(Explanation: Lithification involves converting loose sediments to solid rock.)

1. Third - Fifth Blanks (Mountain Building & Weathering):

Through the various tectonic related processes of mountain building, all types of rocks are uplifted and exposed at the surface. Once exposed, they are weathered, both physically and chemically.
(Explanation: Tectonic processes uplift rocks; exposure leads to weathering (physical/chemical breakdown).)

1. Sixth Blank (Weathering Products):

The weathering products – mostly small rock fragments – are eroded, transported and then deposited as sediments.
(Explanation: Eroded rock fragments become sediments when deposited.)

1. Seventh - Eighth Blanks (Erosion & Transport):

Erosion and Transport occur through the action of glaciers, water, and wind, and sediments are deposited in rivers, lakes, deserts, or oceans.
(Explanation: Glaciers/water/wind cause erosion (removal) and transport (movement) of sediments.)

1. Ninth - Thirteenth Blanks (Compaction & Cementation):

Then comes the process of Compaction and Cementation. This is the point in the formation of sedimentary rocks where the sediment gets compressed by the weight of the water above it as well as the weight of the sediment that gets deposited on top of it over time.
(Explanation: Compaction compresses sediments; cementation follows, with time allowing sediment buildup.)

1. Fourteenth - Eighteenth Blanks (Compaction vs. Cementation):

Compaction and cementation go hand - in - hand in the formation of sedimentary rock. Compaction comes before cementation, and it is the process by which sedimentary rocks are buried under other sediment and are then pressed together.
(Explanation: Compaction (burial + pressing) precedes cementation; both processes work together.)

Final Filled - in Text (Key Blanks Answered)

The formation of sedimentary rocks is called \(\boldsymbol{\text{Lithification}}\).
It is the process of \(\boldsymbol{\text{converting}}\) unconsolidated sediments into sedimentary rock.

Through the various \(\boldsymbol{\text{tectonic}}\) related processes of mountain building, all types of rocks are \(\boldsymbol{\text{uplifted}}\) and \(\boldsymbol{\text{exposed}}\) at the surface. Once exposed, they are \(\boldsymbol{\text{weathered}}\), both physically and chemically.

The weathering products – mostly small rock fragments – are eroded, transported and then deposited as \(\boldsymbol{\text{sediments}}\).

\(\boldsymbol{\text{Erosion}}\) and \(\boldsymbol{\text{Transport}}\) occur through the action of glaciers, water, and wind, and sediments are deposited in rivers, lakes, deserts, or oceans.

Then comes the process of \(\boldsymbol{\text{Compaction}}\) and \(\boldsymbol{\text{Cementation}}\). This is the point in the formation of sedimentary rocks where the sediment gets \(\boldsymbol{\text{compressed}}\) by the weight of the water above it as well as the weight of the sediment that gets deposited on top of it over \(\boldsymbol{\text{time}}\).

Compaction and cementation go \(\boldsymbol{\text{hand - in - hand}}\) in the formation of sedimentary rock. \(\boldsymbol{\text{Compaction}}\) comes before cementation, and it is the process by which sedimentary rocks are \(\boldsymbol{\text{buried}}\) under other sediment and are then \(\boldsymbol{\text{pressed}}\) together.