Question

gizmo warm - up just like in a tug - of - war, atoms that are bonded to one another pull on the electrons they share. in the polarity and intermolecular forces gizmo, you will explore how these opposing forces relate to bond types and the forces between molecules. to begin, drag the na (sodium) and cl (chlorine) atoms into the simulation area. turn on show valence electrons. a valence electron is found in the outermost energy level of the atom. 1. click play (▶). what do you notice? 2. which atom seems to be pulling more on the sodium’s one valence electron? how do you know? 3. what happens to the colors of the simulated atoms, and what does this indicate?

Explanation:

Step1: Answer to question 1

The sodium (Na) atom loses its valence electron to the chlorine (Cl) atom.

Step2: Answer to question 2

The chlorine atom. Chlorine is more electronegative than sodium, so it has a greater attraction for electrons.

Step3: Answer to question 3

The sodium atom becomes a lighter - colored ion (a cation with a positive charge), and the chlorine atom becomes a darker - colored ion (an anion with a negative charge). This indicates the formation of an ionic bond as electrons are transferred from sodium to chlorine.

Answer:

1. The sodium atom loses its valence electron to the chlorine atom.
2. Chlorine atom. Because chlorine is more electronegative.
3. Sodium becomes a lighter - colored cation, chlorine becomes a darker - colored anion. It indicates the formation of an ionic bond.