Question

the graph shows an increase in global temperatures and atmospheric co2 concentrations over the past 150 years. based on the data, a scientist argues that the rise in co2 is the sole cause of the temperature increase. which of the following would be the most effective counter - argument? a. the graph does not show data before the year 1850. b. the graph does not show the effects of volcanic eruptions, which can also influence climate. c. the graph shows a correlation, but correlation does not necessarily prove causation. d. the graph only shows a short - term trend and not the long - term cycles of earths climate.

Explanation:

The scientist claims a causal - relationship (rise in CO₂ is the sole cause of temperature increase) based on a correlation shown in the graph. However, correlation does not imply causation. Just because two variables (CO₂ concentration and temperature) move together does not mean one causes the other. Other factors could be at play. Options A, B, and D are not as directly relevant to refuting the causal claim as option C.

Answer:

C. The graph shows a correlation, but correlation does not necessarily prove causation.