Question

1. how can metal elements achieve a stable electron - shell structure like those of the noble gases? 3. how can non - metal elements achieve a stable electron - shell structure like that of the noble gases? compounds can be divided into two main types, based on the differences in their properties. these two types are called ionic compounds and molecular compounds. the differences in their properties are due to the types of elements from which they are made. ionic compounds metal ions (formed from metals on the left side of the periodic table) are positively charged, and non - metal ions (formed from non - metals on the right side of the periodic table) are negatively charged. ionic compounds form because the positively charged metal ions attract the negatively charged non - metal ions. table 2.2 lists some examples of common ionic compounds. ionic compounds have the following properties: . they are solids at room temperature. . they have a very high melting point. . they conduct electricity when they are melted or dissolved in water.

Explanation:

1. Metal elements achieve a stable electron - shell structure like noble gases by losing electrons to form positive ions. This is because metals have relatively few valence electrons and it is energetically favorable for them to lose these electrons to attain a full outer shell similar to the nearest noble gas.
2. Non - metal elements achieve a stable electron - shell structure like noble gases by gaining electrons to form negative ions or by sharing electrons through covalent bonds. Non - metals have more valence electrons and it is easier for them to gain the necessary electrons to complete their outer shell or share electrons with other non - metals to reach a stable configuration.

Answer:

1. By losing electrons to form positive ions.
2. By gaining electrons to form negative ions or sharing electrons through covalent bonds.