Question

however, listening to instrumental music without lyrics appears to have little if any negative effect on comprehension. so if you must listen to music while you study, it may be better to listen to classical pieces rather than the latest popular hits. even if you find an empty room and take out your headphones, studying today often means dealing with a big potential distraction in the form of smartphones and social media. in one study, students conducting three hours of homework engaged with an average of 35 distractions such as using their phone, accessing the internet for non - study purposes, or listening to music. such types of multitasking activities are usually associated with poorer studying performance. for example, one study found that students who were allowed to send text messages during a lecture had lower comprehension of its contents than those who had their phones switched off. another recent survey found that greater daily social media use is associated with an increase in academic distraction. while using other media when studying is detrimental to performance, students may not always be aware of this because they tend to overestimate their ability to multitask. for instance, one study asked participants to do either one task or two tasks at the same time. the tasks involved judging whether spoken statements are correct and counting the shapes of visual objects. although teenagers and young adults reported strong certitude in their ability to multitask, their actual performance was almost always worse compared to when they were doing just one task. question 17 what is the meaning of \certitude\ as it is used in paragraph 9? a. assurance b. discernment c. esteem d. skepticism

Explanation:

The word "certitude" in the context of the passage implies a strong feeling of assurance or certainty. It is used to describe the confidence that teenagers and young adults reported regarding their ability to multitask.

Answer:

A. assurance