Question

humans vs. bacteria tell the story text #1. cholera
in the 1970s many experts thought that the fight against infectious diseases was over. in fact, in 1970, the surgeon - general of the united states of america indicated that it was \time to close the book on infectious diseases, declare the war against pestilence won, and shift national resources to such chronic problems as cancer and heart disease\.
during the last two decades, this opinion has been reversed, and there is now a renewed appreciation of the importance of infectious disease. the spread of new diseases such as hiv/aids, hepatitis c, and dengue haemorrhagic fever, and the resurgence of diseases long since considered under control such as malaria, cholera, and sleeping sickness, have drawn considerable attention.
over the past 200 years there have been multiple devastating outbreaks of cholera caused by the bacteria, v. cholerae. cholera is an infectious and deadly bacterial disease that affects the small intestine. the infection causes severe vomiting and diarrhea. the infection is typically spread from person to person and through infected food and water.
in 1832, there was a cholera outbreak in new york city that killed 3,515 people or 1.5% of the citys population. new york was struggling to keep up with the growing population, the city was overcrowded, there was a lack of sanitation, and science did not yet recognize the role of germs in disease. cholera overwhelmingly affected the poorest neighborhoods in the city, hitting african - americans and immigrant irish catholics the most. many of the high income people from the city were able to leave the city and prevent themselves from getting sick.
in 2010, an outbreak of cholera was confirmed in haiti for the first time in more than 100 years just ten months after the catastrophic earthquake killed over 200,000 people and left over 1 million people without a secure place to live. in this outbreak there were over 665,000 cases and 8,183 people died. a more recent outbreak of cholera occurred in kenya in 2017 with 3,967 confirmed cases and 76 deaths. epidemiologists believe the disease was transmitted during mass gathering events and at refugee camps within the country.
scientists are concerned because they noticed that some antibiotics used to treat cholera are not working as well as they have in the past. furthermore, the vaccine for cholera is not always effective in the long term and is not a commonly given immunization by most doctors. researchers have estimated the bacteria, v. cholerae, may infect between 1.3 and 4 million people and cause 21,000 to 143,000 deaths worldwide a year. how could we prevent a severe outbreak in the future?
source: https://www.who.int/csr/resources/publications/introduction/en/index1.html

Explanation:

Cholera is an infectious bacterial - disease. To prevent future severe outbreaks, improving sanitation (as lack of it contributed to past outbreaks like in 1832 New York), ensuring clean food and water (as it spreads through them), and developing more effective long - term vaccines or treatments (due to current limitations) are key strategies. Also, better management of mass gatherings and refugee camps (where transmission occurred in Kenya) is important.

Answer:

Improve sanitation, ensure clean food and water, develop better vaccines/treatments, and manage mass gatherings and refugee camps better.