Question

the hydrogen bonds in water will not directly influence which of the following?
o adhesion of the setae to a walking surface.
o bubbles forming around the foot of the gecko.
o cohesion around the edge of the bubble.
o surface tension of a water droplet on a leaf.

Explanation:

• Adhesion of setae to walking surface: Gecko setae adhesion is due to van der Waals forces, not hydrogen bonds (which involve water molecules).
• Bubbles forming around gecko’s foot: Bubble formation (e.g., air - water interface) relates to surface tension from water’s hydrogen - bonded structure.
• Cohesion around bubble edge: Cohesion in water is from hydrogen bonds between water molecules.
• Surface tension of water droplet on leaf: Surface tension in water is caused by hydrogen bonds creating intermolecular attraction.

So, the process or phenomenon that does not involve hydrogen bonds in water is the adhesion of the setae to a walking surface.

Answer:

A. adhesion of the setae to a walking surface