Question

independent practice
who chipped away at african american freedoms in the 1870s?
a. congress
b. southerners
c. president
d. supreme court

Explanation:

In the 1870s, the U.S. Supreme Court issued rulings (such as the Slaughter-House Cases and United States v. Cruikshank) that limited the scope of the 14th and 15th Amendments, effectively chipping away at the legal protections and freedoms of African Americans. Southerners implemented discriminatory practices, but the Court's decisions undermined federal enforcement of civil rights, making it the key institution in rolling back these freedoms in this era.

Answer:

D. Supreme Court