Question

indicate if each of the following is radiation
$^{4}_{2}he$ 1
$^{3}_{2}he$ 2
$^{0}_{0}\gamma$ 3
$^{0}_{ - 1}e$ 4
x - ray 5
neutrino 6
$^{1}_{0}n$ 7
$^{4}_{3}li$ 8
$^{0}_{+1}e$ 9
$^{0}_{0}e$ 10
a. yes b. no c. yes & no d. depends upon the politics

Explanation:

Step1: Identify radiation types

Radiation includes alpha - particles ($\alpha$ - particles like $^{4}_{2}He$), beta - particles ($\beta$ - particles like $^{0}_{- 1}e$ and $^{0}_{+1}e$), gamma - rays ($\gamma$ like $^{0}_{0}\gamma$), x - rays, and neutrinos. Neutrons ($^{1}_{0}n$) can also be considered radiation in some nuclear processes. Stable isotopes are not radiation.

Step2: Analyze each particle

• $^{4}_{2}He$ is an alpha - particle. It is radiation.
• $^{3}_{2}He$ is a stable isotope of helium, not radiation.
• $^{0}_{0}\gamma$ is a gamma - ray, it is radiation.
• $^{0}_{-1}e$ is a beta - particle, it is radiation.
• X - ray is electromagnetic radiation.
• Neutrino is a type of sub - atomic particle that is a form of radiation.
• $^{1}_{0}n$ can be part of nuclear radiation processes.
• $^{4}_{3}Li$ is an unstable isotope but the question is about whether it is radiation itself, and it is not in the sense of being a radiation particle type; it is an atom.
• $^{0}_{+1}e$ is a positron (a type of beta - particle), it is radiation.
• $^{0}_{0}e$ is not a standard particle notation and is not radiation.

Answer:

1. A. yes
2. B. no
3. A. yes
4. A. yes
5. A. yes
6. A. yes
7. A. yes
8. B. no
9. A. yes
10. B. no