Question

individuals who believe that an unpleasant experience is unavoidable and therefore do nothing to change the course of events are exhibiting
a. self - actualization attributes
b. the fight - or - flight response
c. attributional deficits
d. cognitive dissonance
e. learned helplessness

Explanation:

• Self-actualization refers to pursuing one's full potential, not inaction due to perceived unavoidable negative events.
• Fight-or-flight is a physical/psychological response to immediate threat, not passive acceptance of unavoidable harm.
• Attributional deficits involve difficulties explaining events, not the passive behavior described.
• Cognitive dissonance is the discomfort of conflicting beliefs, not inaction from perceived inevitability.
• Learned helplessness is exactly the state where individuals stop trying to change outcomes after repeated exposure to unavoidable negative experiences, matching the description.

Answer:

E. learned helplessness