Question

individuals who believe that an unpleasant experience is unavoidable and therefore do nothing to change the course of events are exhibiting
a.
self - actualization attributes

b.
the fight - or - flight response

c.
attributional deficits

d.
cognitive dissonance

e.
learned helplessness

Explanation:

• Option A: Self - actualization attributes are about fulfilling one's potential, not related to inaction in the face of unpleasant experiences.
• Option B: Fight - or - flight response is a reaction to immediate danger (fight or flee), not about believing something is unavoidable and doing nothing.
• Option C: Attributional deficits refer to problems in how one attributes causes, not the described behavior of inaction due to perceived unavoidability.
• Option D: Cognitive dissonance is the discomfort from holding conflicting beliefs, not related to this situation.
• Option E: Learned helplessness occurs when individuals believe negative events are unavoidable and stop trying to change them, which matches the description.

Answer:

E. learned helplessness