Question

1. in interval notation, when a value is included in the domain or range of a function, we use 　　　　.
2. in interval notation, we represent an unbounded range extending infinitely in the positive or negative direction using 　　　　.

Explanation:

1. For the first blank: Interval notation uses specific brackets to denote included values. Square brackets signal that the endpoint is part of the domain/range.
2. For the second blank: Unbounded intervals rely on infinity symbols to represent endless extension in positive or negative directions, paired with appropriate brackets.

Answer:

1. square brackets (e.g., $[a, b]$ where $a$ and $b$ are included)
2. infinity symbols ($+\infty$ for positive direction, $-\infty$ for negative direction)