Question

1. list the characteristics of metals, non - metals and metalloids.

metals
non - metals
metalloids

1. metals conduct heat and electricity well because the ability of the electrons to ____________ through the metal.
2. energy mass relationship
3. list characteristics of substances that have metallic bonds.
4. look at the electromagnetic spectrum below.

frequency (s^-1)
3×10^9 3×10^11 3×10^13 3×10^15 3×10^17 3×10^19 3×10^21 3×10^23
radio waves radar microwaves infrared microwave x - rays gamma rays
10^0 1 10^2 10^4 10^-6 10^-8 10^-10 10^-12 10^-14
wavelength (m)
low energy (0.001 m, 100)
visible light
high energy (380 nm, violet)
what is the relationship between energy and wavelength?

1. which color of the visible light spectrum has the least amount of energy?
2. ernest rutherford performed the gold foil experiment. what conclusions did he draw from his results?

Explanation:

1. Metals: Good conductors, malleable, ductile, high luster, lose electrons. Nonmetals: Poor conductors, brittle, gain electrons. Metalloids: Properties of both, semiconductors.
2. Metals conduct via mobile electrons moving through the material.
3. Metallic bonding is the attraction between metal cations and delocalized electrons.
4. Substances with metallic bonding are conductive, malleable, ductile, and have metallic luster.
5. Energy and wavelength are inversely related (E = hc/λ).
6. Red light has the longest wavelength, thus least energy in visible spectrum.
7. Rutherford concluded atoms have a small, dense, positive nucleus with orbiting electrons, mostly empty space.

Answer:

1. METALS: Good conductors of heat/electricity, malleable, ductile, high metallic luster, tend to lose electrons. NONMETALS: Poor conductors, brittle, non-lustrous, tend to gain electrons. METALLOIDS: Intermediate properties, semiconductors, e.g., silicon.
2. move freely through
3. Metallic bonding is the electrostatic attraction between positively charged metal cations and delocalized valence electrons.
4. Good conductors of heat and electricity, malleable, ductile, metallic luster, high melting/boiling points.
5. Inversely proportional (as wavelength increases, energy decreases).
6. Red
7. The atom is mostly empty space, contains a small, dense, positively charged nucleus, and electrons orbit the nucleus.