Question

name ws#9 formation of elements: nuclear reactions use chapter 17, pp. 611 - 617 to help you complete this. (you may have to write with your mouse, or use the coursepack and upload photos) period 1. fill in this table. nuclear equation change in atomic number change in number of protons change in number of neutrons change in mass number type of nuclear change a 88 226 ra → 2 4 he+86 222 rn b 84 214 po → 2 4 he+82 210 pb c 8 17 o+7 14 n → 15 31 p d 20 45 ca → -1 0 e -+21 45 sc e 64 148 gd → 2 4 he+62 144 sm f 4 8 be+2 4 he → 6 12 c g 6 14 c → -1 0 e -+7 14 n +1 +2 -4 beta decay alpha decay

Explanation:

Step1: Recall nuclear - reaction rules

In alpha decay, an alpha particle ($_{2}^{4}He$) is emitted. The atomic number decreases by 2 and the mass number decreases by 4. In beta decay, a beta - particle ($_{ - 1}^{0}e$) is emitted. The atomic number increases by 1 and the mass number remains the same.

Step2: Analyze reaction a

For $_{88}^{226}Ra
ightarrow_{86}^{222}Rn + _{2}^{4}He$, the change in atomic number is - 2, the change in the number of protons is - 2, the change in the number of neutrons is - 2 (since mass number change = 4 and atomic number change = 2, neutron number change=4 - 2), and the change in mass number is - 4. The type of nuclear change is alpha decay.

Step3: Analyze reaction b

For $_{84}^{214}Po
ightarrow_{82}^{210}Pb+_{2}^{4}He$, the change in atomic number is - 2, the change in the number of protons is - 2, the change in the number of neutrons is - 2, and the change in mass number is - 4. The type of nuclear change is alpha decay.

Step4: Analyze reaction c

For $_{8}^{17}O+_{7}^{14}N
ightarrow_{15}^{31}P$, the change in atomic number is + 1 (8 + 7-15 = 0), the change in the number of protons is + 1, the change in the number of neutrons is + 2 (17 - 8+14 - 7-(31 - 15)=2), and the change in mass number is 0 (17 + 14-31 = 0). This is a nuclear transmutation.

Step5: Analyze reaction d

For $_{20}^{45}Ca
ightarrow_{21}^{45}Sc+_{ - 1}^{0}e$, the change in atomic number is + 1, the change in the number of protons is + 1, the change in the number of neutrons is - 1 (45 - 20-(45 - 21)= - 1), and the change in mass number is 0. The type of nuclear change is beta decay.

Step6: Analyze reaction e

For $_{64}^{148}Gd
ightarrow_{62}^{144}Sm+_{2}^{4}He$, the change in atomic number is - 2, the change in the number of protons is - 2, the change in the number of neutrons is - 2, and the change in mass number is - 4. The type of nuclear change is alpha decay.

Step7: Analyze reaction f

For $_{4}^{8}Be+_{2}^{4}He
ightarrow_{6}^{12}C$, the change in atomic number is + 2, the change in the number of protons is + 2, the change in the number of neutrons is + 2, and the change in mass number is + 4. This is a nuclear fusion.

Step8: Analyze reaction g

For $_{6}^{14}C
ightarrow_{7}^{14}N+_{ - 1}^{0}e$, the change in atomic number is + 1, the change in the number of protons is + 1, the change in the number of neutrons is - 1, and the change in mass number is 0. The type of nuclear change is beta decay.

Answer:

Nuclear equation	Change in atomic number	Change in number of protons	Change in number of neutrons	Change in mass number	Type of nuclear change

| $_{88}^{226}Ra
ightarrow_{86}^{222}Rn + _{2}^{4}He$ | - 2 | - 2 | - 2 | - 4 | Alpha decay |
| $_{84}^{214}Po
ightarrow_{82}^{210}Pb+_{2}^{4}He$ | - 2 | - 2 | - 2 | - 4 | Alpha decay |
| $_{8}^{17}O+_{7}^{14}N
ightarrow_{15}^{31}P$ | 0 | + 1 | + 2 | 0 | Nuclear transmutation |
| $_{20}^{45}Ca
ightarrow_{21}^{45}Sc+_{ - 1}^{0}e$ | + 1 | + 1 | - 1 | 0 | Beta decay |
| $_{64}^{148}Gd
ightarrow_{62}^{144}Sm+_{2}^{4}He$ | - 2 | - 2 | - 2 | - 4 | Alpha decay |
| $_{4}^{8}Be+_{2}^{4}He
ightarrow_{6}^{12}C$ | + 2 | + 2 | + 2 | + 4 | Nuclear fusion |
| $_{6}^{14}C
ightarrow_{7}^{14}N+_{ - 1}^{0}e$ | + 1 | + 1 | - 1 | 0 | Beta decay |