Question

to the nature worship theory. this theory puts forth the idea that religion developed as primitive people groups observed nature. as they observed the sun, moon, winds, and rains, they began to personify them, sort of like our modern-day use of the term \mother nature.\according to müller, this personification of giving human qualities - like emotions, actions, or thoughts - to non-human entities such as objects, animals, nature, or abstract ideas led to worship among the primitive people. as cultures grew, this worship became more structured.for example, there was greeces poseidon, god of the sea, or babylons marduk, who controlled the winds.recognition: selected response: highlight the choice that best completes each sentence or answers each question.1. marduk was a god ofa. the romans b. the babylonians c. the minoans d. the greeks2. which of the following correctly groups the characteristics of \sky gods\ that developed versus the original earth mothers that were then relegated to secondary status (according to ancient mythology)?a. earth mother: order, revelation, darkness sky father: chaos, mystery, lightb. earth mother: order, revelation, light sky father: chaos, mystery, darknessc. earth mother: order, mystery, darkness sky father: chaos, revelation, lightd. earth mother: chaos, mystery, darkness sky father: order, revelation, light3. the first written record of a sky father appeared in a hindu text arounda. 17 hundred b.c.e. b. 17 million b.c.e. c. 17 b.c.e. d. 17 thousand b.c.e.4. the following are all names of sky father gods excepta. dyeus pitr b. anshar c. jupiter d. horus e. venusf. marduk g. anu h. tarhunt i. teshub j. zeus pater5. what effect might writing have had on ancient religion?a. the world gets broken into more manageable pieces in the ancient imaginationb. religions gain the ability to write a holy text or mythc. mother goddesses lose some of their mystery.d. all answers are correct6. which of the following things was horus not a god of?a. light b. warfare c. sky d. rivers7. according to the text, mother goddess worship dominated religion for at least how long, and what does this suggest about early human societies?a. 4,000 years; it proves cities were ruled by queensb. 40,000 years; it may imply early history was matriarchalc. 400,000 years; it shows men always held powerd. 4 million years; it ended with writings invention8. the text lists 3 main theories for the rise of male deities. which is described as \largely dismissed by modern scholars\ but still commonly used?a. writing dispelled female \mysteries\ like concealed estrousb. destructive forces like storms were seen as \male\c. invading nomads imposed sky gods on agriculturalistsd. cities formed, needing a \father\ for larger groups

Explanation:

1. The text at the top states Marduk was a Babylonian god who controlled the winds.
2. In ancient mythology, Earth Mothers are linked to primal, chaotic, mysterious, dark natural forces, while Sky Gods are associated with ordered, revealing, light-related authority.
3. Historical records place the first written Hindu Sky Father text around 1700 B.C.E., which is 17 hundred B.C.E.
4. Venus is a goddess (love/beauty), not a Sky Father god; all other options are male sky/sky-related deities.
5. Writing fragmented ancient imaginative worldviews, allowed formal holy texts, and reduced the mystery of mother goddesses, so all options are correct.
6. Horus is an Egyptian sky, light, and war god; he is not associated with rivers.
7. Academic consensus links mother goddess worship to ~40,000 years, suggesting early matriarchal tendencies.
8. The theory that nomadic invaders imposed sky gods is widely dismissed by modern scholars but still commonly referenced.

Answer:

1. B. The Babylonians
2. D. Earth Mother: Chaos, Mystery, Darkness Sky Father: Order, Revelation, Light
3. A. 17 hundred B.C.E.
4. E. Venus
5. D. all answers are correct
6. D. Rivers
7. B. 40,000 years; it may imply early history was matriarchal
8. C. Invading nomads imposed sky gods on agriculturalists