Question

part 3a 12 marks choose 4 of 5 (lesson 3a) draw the following ionic bonds and state the formula a) lithium and phosphorus b) calcium and chlorine c) magnesium and nitrogen d) aluminum and chlorine e) potassium and bromine

Explanation:

Step1: Determine ion charges

Lithium (Li) is in Group 1, so it forms a $Li^+$ ion with a +1 charge. Phosphorus (P) is in Group 15, and it forms a $P^{3 -}$ ion with a - 3 charge.

Step2: Determine the formula

To balance the charges, we need 3 Li⁺ ions for every 1 P³⁻ ion. The formula is $Li_3P$.

Step3: Determine ion charges for calcium and chlorine

Calcium (Ca) is in Group 2, so it forms a $Ca^{2+}$ ion. Chlorine (Cl) is in Group 17, and it forms a $Cl^-$ ion.

Step4: Determine the formula

To balance the charges, we need 2 Cl⁻ ions for every 1 Ca²⁺ ion. The formula is $CaCl_2$.

Step5: Determine ion charges for magnesium and nitrogen

Magnesium (Mg) is in Group 2, so it forms a $Mg^{2+}$ ion. Nitrogen (N) is in Group 15, and it forms a $N^{3 -}$ ion.

Step6: Determine the formula

To balance the charges, we need 3 Mg²⁺ ions and 2 N³⁻ ions. The formula is $Mg_3N_2$.

Step7: Determine ion charges for aluminum and chlorine

Aluminum (Al) is in Group 13, so it forms an $Al^{3+}$ ion. Chlorine (Cl) is in Group 17, and it forms a $Cl^-$ ion.

Step8: Determine the formula

To balance the charges, we need 3 Cl⁻ ions for every 1 Al³⁺ ion. The formula is $AlCl_3$.

Step9: Determine ion charges for potassium and bromine

Potassium (K) is in Group 1, so it forms a $K^+$ ion. Bromine (Br) is in Group 17, and it forms a $Br^-$ ion.

Step10: Determine the formula

The charges balance 1:1, and the formula is $KBr$.

Answer:

a) Formula: $Li_3P$
b) Formula: $CaCl_2$
c) Formula: $Mg_3N_2$
d) Formula: $AlCl_3$
e) Formula: $KBr$