Question

part 2. for each bold term, explain what it means using the context it is written in.

1. what is meant by the phrase staple crops in the passage: \domesticated staple crops like corn and the potato would go on to greatly improve nutrition & lead to a population increase in europe\?
2. what is meant by the phrase immunity in the passage: \smallpox created one of the deadliest epidemics in human history in the new world due to a lack of immunity in the indigenous populations of the americas, leading to the death of an estimated 90% of its people.\?
3. what is meant by the term impacted in the passage: \increased tourism to countries in central and south america has greatly impacted both the human environment (infrastructure, standard of living, economies) of countries and the physical environment (wildlife, biodiversity, land use) of the region.

part 3: most missed concepts

1. (2.1) how did agricultural exchange impact both the new and old world during the columbian exchange?
2. (2.1) what plants and animals were traded from the new world to the old world?
3. (2.2) how did humans help to spread smallpox throughout the new world?
4. (2.2) how did smallpox impact the new world?

Explanation:

1. In the context, "staple crops" are essential, widely - grown crops like corn and potato that are fundamental to the diet and have a major impact on nutrition and population.
2. "Immunity" here refers to the body's natural ability to resist or fight off the smallpox disease, which the indigenous populations of the Americas lacked.
3. "Impacted" means had a significant effect or influence on both the human - related aspects (infrastructure, etc.) and the physical environment (wildlife, etc.) in Central and South America due to increased tourism.
4. Agricultural exchange during the Columbian Exchange brought new crops and farming methods. In the New World, it led to changes in land use and competition with native plants. In the Old World, new crops like potatoes improved nutrition and contributed to population growth.
5. Plants traded from the New World to the Old World included potatoes, tomatoes, corn, and tobacco. Animals included turkeys.
6. Humans spread smallpox through contact in various ways such as exploration, trade, and conquest. European explorers and settlers carried the disease, and interactions with indigenous populations allowed it to spread rapidly.
7. Smallpox had a catastrophic impact on the New World. It decimated indigenous populations, with an estimated 90% of people dying. It also disrupted social, cultural, and economic structures.

Answer:

1. Essential, widely - grown crops important for diet and population.
2. The body's ability to resist smallpox, which indigenous Americans lacked.
3. Had a significant effect on human and physical aspects in Central and South America.
4. In the New World, changed land use and plant competition; in the Old World, improved nutrition and population growth.
5. Plants: potatoes, tomatoes, corn, tobacco; Animals: turkeys.
6. Through contact via exploration, trade, and conquest by Europeans.
7. Decimated indigenous populations and disrupted social, cultural, and economic structures.