Question

is the particle below paramagnetic or diamagnetic? $ce{ni^{2+}}$

Explanation:

1. First, find the electron configuration of neutral nickel (Ni): atomic number 28, so $1s^22s^22p^63s^23p^63d^84s^2$.
2. $Ni^{2+}$ loses 2 electrons, which are removed from the 4s orbital first, giving the configuration $1s^22s^22p^63s^23p^63d^8$.
3. The 3d subshell has 5 orbitals. Filling 8 electrons leaves 2 orbitals with single, unpaired electrons.
4. Paramagnetic substances have unpaired electrons, while diamagnetic substances have all electrons paired.

Answer:

Paramagnetic