Question

poll taxes and literacy tests had what effects on voting?
they provided extra voting security.
they ensured that voters knew current events.
they frequently impeded african - american voting.

Explanation:

Poll taxes and literacy tests were historical tools of voter suppression, especially targeting African - Americans. Poll taxes required payment to vote, which many African - Americans could not afford. Literacy tests were often administered in a discriminatory way, with difficult or unfair standards, making it hard for African - Americans to pass and thus vote. The option "They provided extra voting security" is incorrect as these measures were not about security. The option "They ensured that voters knew current events" is also incorrect as literacy tests were not designed for this purpose but for suppression. The correct effect is that they frequently impeded African - American voting.

Answer:

They frequently impeded African - American voting.