Question

question 10
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which of the following critiques represents a challenge to virtue - based ethics?
mass chaos would ensue since everyone only cares about him or herself.
effects the agent couldn’t have anticipated impact his or her guilt
some virtues that are lacking can be hard to develop.
the agent’s moral character isn’t properly emphasized.

Explanation:

Virtue-based ethics centers on developing good moral character and virtues.

• The first option describes a critique of ethical egoism, not virtue ethics.
• The second option relates to consequentialist concerns about unforeseen outcomes, not a core challenge to virtue ethics.
• The fourth option is incorrect because virtue ethics does emphasize moral character as its core focus.
• The third option is a valid critique: virtue ethics holds that people should cultivate virtues, but many virtues (e.g., courage, patience) can be extremely difficult to develop in oneself, creating a practical barrier to living up to the theory's demands.

Answer:

Some virtues that are lacking can be hard to develop.