Question

question 8 of 32 which element has a lower first ionization energy than aluminum (al)? the periodic table a. sulfur (s) b. neon (ne) c. boron (b) d. sodium (na)

Explanation:

Step1: Recall ionization - energy trend

Ionization energy generally increases across a period and decreases down a group in the periodic table.

Step2: Locate elements

Aluminum (Al) is in Period 3, Group 13. Sulfur (S) is in Period 3, Group 16; Neon (Ne) is in Period 2, Group 18; Boron (B) is in Period 2, Group 13; Sodium (Na) is in Period 3, Group 1.

Step3: Analyze based on trend

Sodium is in the same period as aluminum but in Group 1. It has a lower first - ionization energy because it has only one valence electron and is more willing to lose it to achieve a stable electron configuration. Sulfur has a higher ionization energy as it is further to the right in the same period. Neon is a noble gas with a very stable electron configuration and high ionization energy. Boron is in a higher period and has a higher effective nuclear charge for its outer electrons compared to sodium in the context of this comparison.

Answer:

D. Sodium (Na)