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question 1 of 3 what is the strategic advantage of using covariance.s over covariance.p when analyzing data relationships? covariance.p assumes you have every possible value from the population, which will almost never be true. covariance.p provides a simpler calculation, which is only suitable for larger datasets. covariance.s adjusts for sample bias, which yields more precise results.
COVARIANCE.P is for population data assuming all values are available, which is rarely the case. COVARIANCE.S is for sample data and adjusts for sample bias to give more accurate estimates for the population - level covariance.
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COVARIANCE.S adjusts for sample bias, which yields more precise results.