Question

questions 1 through 3 refer to the following.\after long periods of error, philosophers have at last discovered the true rights of man and how they can all be deduced from the single truth: that man is a perceptive being capable of reason and acquiring moral ideas.at last, man could proclaim his rights out loud, rights that for so long had been ignored. he could submit all opinions to his own reason and use that reason to search for truth. every man learned with pride that nature had not forever condemned him to base his beliefs on the opinions of others or the superstitions of antiquity.thus developed an understanding that the natural rights of man are inalienable and cannot be forfeited and a strongly expressed desire for freedom of thought, trade, and profession. there also developed a desire to alleviate peoples suffering, to eliminate all criminal laws against political dissenters, and to abolish torture. a desire arose for a milder system of criminal legislation that could give complete security to the innocent. all of these principles gradually filtered down from philosophical works to every class of society whose education went beyond basic literacy. these principles became the common faith of all people.\marquis de condorcet, french nobleman and philosopher, sketch for a historical picture of the progress of the human mind, published in 17942 mark for reviewwhich of the following is an implicit claim that the author makes in the second paragraph?a in some cases, governments need to stifle freedom of speech.b religion has been a force holding back the progress of humanity.c mans natural condition is one of suffering and a struggle for survival.d loyalty to ones nation is the greatest virtue a person can aspire to have.

Explanation:

The second paragraph states man learned to use reason to reject relying on others' opinions or ancient superstitions, and developed ideals of natural rights, freedom of thought, and reform of cruel laws. This implies that the old reliance on superstitions (linked to religion) was an obstacle to this progress of human rights and rational thought. The other options are not supported: the text does not suggest governments should stifle free speech, focus on man's natural state as suffering/survival, or emphasize loyalty to nation as a virtue.

Answer:

B. Religion has been a force holding back the progress of humanity.