Question

read the excerpt from hemingways a farewell to arms.

the major asked me to have a drink with him and two other officers. we drank rum and it was very friendly. outside it was getting dark. i asked what time the attack was to be and they said as soon as it was dark. i went back to the drivers. they were sitting in the dugout talking and when i came in they stopped. i gave them each a package of cigarettes, macedonias, loosely packed cigarettes that spilled tobacco and needed to have the ends twisted before you smoked them. manera lit his lighter and passed it around. the lighter was shaped like a fiat radiator. i told them what i had heard.

hemingway develops the narrator through

• direct characterization.
• obvious characterization.
• character narrative.
• indirect characterization.

Explanation:

The excerpt does not directly state the narrator's traits. Instead, it shows his personality through his actions (interacting with officers, sharing cigarettes with drivers, relaying information) and his observations. This method of revealing a character through their deeds, speech, and interactions rather than explicit descriptions is indirect characterization. Direct characterization would involve direct statements about the narrator's traits, which are absent here. "Obvious characterization" is not a standard literary term, and "character narrative" refers to a story centered on a character, not a method of development.

Answer:

indirect characterization.