Question

read the paragraphs from an argumentative essay that starts with
move to each blank the word or phrase that best connects the ideas in the paragraphs.
one of the goals of instituting a community - service requirement in schools is to encourage volunteerism later in life. in many schools, though, it is frequently having the opposite effect. in the short term, the service requirement does have a positive impact in the lower grades. but at the higher grades, the community - service requirement actually results in fewer people choosing to volunteer later in life. the requirement might trigger a long - term drop in volunteers for an entire generation. the consequences for this could be dire. the nation might very well face a shortage of much - needed volunteerism in the future.
moreover, many school - based community - service programs are of questionable quality. some schools offer community - service programs in name only, and some students are getting credit for their community service by taking photography classes and participating in other on - campus activities. how is this community service if the student is not even leaving the school? one of the key words in “community service” is “community.” students should be engaging with the real world, helping real people with real challenges. a community - service requirement that does not benefit the community lessens its value entirely.
__________ the title “community - service requirement” is a contradiction in terms. making volunteerism mandatory may foster a sense of resentment about volunteering and drive students away from it. volunteering should be exactly what it means: by one’s own free will, not because it was forced.
on the whole.
as a result.
in contrast.
subsequently.

Explanation:

The previous paragraphs discuss issues with school - based community - service requirements like negative long - term effects and low - quality programs. The new sentence emphasizes that making volunteering mandatory is contradictory to the concept of volunteering. "On the whole" is a summarizing phrase, not appropriate here. "As a result" implies a cause - effect relationship which isn't the case. "In contrast" is for showing differences between two things, not relevant. "Subsequently" means following in time or order, not suitable. The best phrase to connect the ideas is "In fact" (not in the options but conceptually correct), but among the given options, "On the whole" is the most appropriate as it can be used to introduce a final thought that ties together the previous points about the problems with community - service requirements.

Answer:

On the whole.