Question

1. read the sentence from paragraph 8.

\picture a village enclosure in the jungle about 2,000 years ago.\
think about the suffix -ure. what does enclosure most nearly mean in this sentence?
a. a crowded city
b. a protected or separate area
c. a dangerous place
d. a wide open field

1. what is the main purpose of paragraph 11?

a. to explain how slash-and-burn helps soil
b. to compare two farming methods and their effects
c. to describe ancient amazon villages
d. to explain why forests grow slowly

1. which sentence from the passage shows an effect of using slash-and-char instead of slash-and-burn?

a. \scientists first learned about tpi in the 1870s.\
b. \it was an environmentally friendly process that released much less carbon.\
c. \the soil is also packed with organic material.\
d. \early explorers described large cities.\

1. what is the main idea of \super soil: the mystery of terra preta\?

a. rainforests grow best in poor soil
b. ancient amazonians accidentally discovered charcoal
c. terra preta is a human - made soil that improved farming and may help today
d. spanish explorers were searching for gold

Explanation:

Question 4

To determine the meaning of "enclosure", we analyze the suffix "-ure" (which often denotes a state or result) and the context of a village in a jungle. A "protected or separate area" fits the idea of a village enclosure (e.g., a fenced or walled area for protection/separation). Option A is incorrect (a village isn't a crowded city), C is incorrect (the context doesn't suggest danger), and D is incorrect (an enclosure isn't a wide open field).

We need to identify the main purpose of paragraph 11 (not shown, but based on options). Option B ("to compare two farming methods and their effects") is logical for a paragraph likely discussing slash - and - burn and another method (like slash - and - char) and their impacts. Option A is too narrow (focuses only on soil help), C is off - topic (not about describing villages), and D is irrelevant (not about forest growth speed).

We look for a sentence showing the effect of slash - and - char over slash - and - burn. Option B ("It was an environmentally friendly process that released much less carbon") directly states an effect (environmental friendliness, less carbon release) of slash - and - char. Option A is about when TPI was learned, C is about soil (not specific to slash - and - char's effect), and D is about early explorers' descriptions (not related to the farming methods' effects).

Answer:

B. a protected or separate area

Question 5