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reminders: 1. in a neutral atom the number of protons equals the number…

Question

reminders:

  1. in a neutral atom

the number of protons
equals the number of
electrons.

  1. an atom can

never gain or lose
protons.

  1. the number of

protons equals the
atomic number

name: isiah chestnut
ion practice set

  1. what is an ion?
  2. what does the number next to the ions signify?

complete the following table, using the periodic table in the back of your book.

element nameion symbolnumber of protonsnumber of electronsnumber of electrons lost or gained
15354
216gained two
3potassiumlost one
4ca⁺²
53536
6sr⁺²
7h⁺
88gained two
912lost two
10aluminum10
113436
12h⁻
13lithiumlost one
14rb⁺
151718

Explanation:

Response

To solve the ion practice set, we use the following rules:

  • The number of protons = atomic number (identifies the element).
  • For a neutral atom, protons = electrons. For an ion, electrons = protons ± (electrons lost/gained).
  • A positive charge means electrons are lost (protons > electrons). A negative charge means electrons are gained (electrons > protons).
1. Element with 53 protons
  • Atomic number 53 = Iodine (I).
  • Electrons = 54 (protons = 53, so gained 1: \( 54 - 53 = 1 \)).
  • Ion symbol: \( \text{I}^- \) (gained 1 electron, negative charge).
2. Element with 16 protons
  • Atomic number 16 = Sulfur (S).
  • Gained 2 electrons: Electrons = \( 16 + 2 = 18 \).
  • Ion symbol: \( \text{S}^{2-} \).
3. Potassium (K, atomic number 19)
  • Lost 1 electron: Electrons = \( 19 - 1 = 18 \).
  • Ion symbol: \( \text{K}^+ \).
4. \( \text{Ca}^{+2} \) (Calcium, atomic number 20)
  • Protons = 20.
  • Lost 2 electrons: Electrons = \( 20 - 2 = 18 \).
5. Element with 35 protons
  • Atomic number 35 = Bromine (Br).
  • Electrons = 36 (gained 1: \( 36 - 35 = 1 \)).
  • Ion symbol: \( \text{Br}^- \).
6. \( \text{Sr}^{+2} \) (Strontium, atomic number 38)
  • Protons = 38.
  • Lost 2 electrons: Electrons = \( 38 - 2 = 36 \).
7. \( \text{H}^+ \) (Hydrogen, atomic number 1)
  • Protons = 1.
  • Lost 1 electron: Electrons = \( 1 - 1 = 0 \).
8. Element with 8 protons
  • Atomic number 8 = Oxygen (O).
  • Gained 2 electrons: Electrons = \( 8 + 2 = 10 \).
  • Ion symbol: \( \text{O}^{2-} \).
9. Element with 12 protons
  • Atomic number 12 = Magnesium (Mg).
  • Lost 2 electrons: Electrons = \( 12 - 2 = 10 \).
  • Ion symbol: \( \text{Mg}^{2+} \).
10. Aluminum (Al, atomic number 13)
  • Protons = 13.
  • Electrons = 10 (lost \( 13 - 10 = 3 \) electrons).
  • Ion symbol: \( \text{Al}^{3+} \).
11. Element with 34 protons
  • Atomic number 34 = Selenium (Se).
  • Gained 2 electrons: Electrons = \( 34 + 2 = 36 \).
  • Ion symbol: \( \text{Se}^{2-} \).
12. \( \text{H}^- \) (Hydrogen)
  • Protons = 1.
  • Gained 1 electron: Electrons = \( 1 + 1 = 2 \).
13. Lithium (Li, atomic number 3)
  • Lost 1 electron: Electrons = \( 3 - 1 = 2 \).
  • Ion symbol: \( \text{Li}^+ \).
14. \( \text{Rb}^+ \) (Rubidium, atomic number 37)
  • Protons = 37.
  • Lost 1 electron: Electrons = \( 37 - 1 = 36 \).
15. Element with 17 protons
  • Atomic number 17 = Chlorine (Cl).
  • Electrons = 18 (gained 1: \( 18 - 17 = 1 \)).
  • Ion symbol: \( \text{Cl}^- \).
Completed Table (Key Entries):
ELEMENT NAMEION SYMBOLNUMBER OF PROTONSNUMBER OF ELECTRONSNUMBER OF ELECTRONS LOST OR GAINED
1Iodine\( \text{I}^- \)5354gained one
2Sulfur\( \text{S}^{2-} \)1618gained two
3Potassium\( \text{K}^+ \)1918lost one
4Calcium\( \text{Ca}^{2+} \)2018lost two
5Bromine\( \text{Br}^- \)3536gained one
6Strontium\( \text{Sr}^{2+} \)3836lost two
7Hydrogen\( \tex…

Answer:

s to Short Questions:

  1. What is an ion?

An ion is an atom (or group of atoms) that has gained or lost electrons, resulting in a net positive or negative charge.

  1. What does the number next to the ion’s symbol signify?

The number (charge) indicates the net electrical charge of the ion (e.g., \( \text{Ca}^{2+} \) means a calcium ion with a +2 charge, lost 2 electrons).