Question

ruth benedict formalized the term cultural relativism in her book patterns of culture (1934). cultural relativism refers to
○ groups becoming more similar as they advance in economic development.
○ individuals ignoring the behavior of others if it is not consistent with the values of their own group.
○ taking into account the differences across cultures without passing judgment or assigning value.
○ modes of behavior and understanding that are not universal.

Explanation:

To determine the correct answer, we analyze each option:

• The first option describes cultural convergence, not relativism.
• The second option describes ethnocentrism (judging other cultures by one's own values), which is the opposite of cultural relativism.
• The third option aligns with the definition of cultural relativism, which emphasizes understanding and accepting cultural differences without judgment.
• The fourth option describes cultural particularism (behaviors/understandings specific to a culture), not relativism.

Answer:

C. taking into account the differences across cultures without passing judgment or assigning value.