Question

science 10
name:
practice drawing the following compounds
mgo
naf
lif
li₂o
cao
f₂ (two non - metals)
h₂o (two non - metals)
h₂ (two non - metals)

Explanation:

Step1: Draw NaF (ionic)

• Na: 11p, 11n, loses 1e → 2,8 e⁻
• F: 9p, 10n, gains 1e → 2,8 e⁻

Draw Na⁺ (2 electron shells, 2+8 electrons) and F⁻ (2 electron shells, 2+8 electrons) with charges labeled.

Step2: Draw Li₂O (ionic)

• Li (2x): 3p, 4n, each loses 1e → 2 e⁻
• O: 8p, 8n, gains 2e → 2,8 e⁻

Draw two Li⁺ (1 shell, 2 electrons) and one O²⁻ (2 shells, 2+8 electrons) with charges labeled.

Step3: Draw F₂ (covalent)

• F (2x): 9p, 10n, each has 7 valence e⁻

Share 1 pair of electrons between the two F atoms; each F has 3 lone pairs + 1 shared pair (8 total valence e⁻).

Step4: Draw H₂O (covalent)

• O: 8p, 8n, 6 valence e⁻
• H (2x): 1p, 0n, 1 valence e⁻ each

O shares 1 pair with each H; O has 2 lone pairs + 2 shared pairs (8 total valence e⁻), each H has 2 e⁻.

Step5: Draw H₂ (covalent)

• H (2x): 1p, 0n, 1 valence e⁻ each

Share 1 pair of electrons; each H has 2 total electrons.

Answer:

1. NaF:

• Sodium ion (Na⁺): Nucleus with 11p, 11n; 2 electron shells with 2 and 8 electrons, labeled +1.
• Fluoride ion (F⁻): Nucleus with 9p, 10n; 2 electron shells with 2 and 8 electrons, labeled -1.

1. Li₂O:

• Two lithium ions (Li⁺): Each has nucleus with 3p, 4n; 1 electron shell with 2 electrons, labeled +1.
• Oxide ion (O²⁻): Nucleus with 8p, 8n; 2 electron shells with 2 and 8 electrons, labeled -2.

1. F₂:

• Two fluorine atoms, each with nucleus 9p, 10n; 2 inner electrons, and an outer shell with 6 unpaired electrons + 1 pair of shared electrons between the two atoms.

1. H₂O:

• Oxygen atom (8p, 8n) with 2 inner electrons, 2 pairs of shared electrons (one with each H), and 2 lone electron pairs.
• Two hydrogen atoms (1p, 0n) each sharing 1 pair of electrons with oxygen.

1. H₂:

• Two hydrogen atoms (1p, 0n) sharing 1 pair of electrons between them, each with 2 total electrons.