Question

see answers in appendix f. 1. list and explain five strategies you can use to help reduce a childs anxiety before a draw. 2. what type of needle may be used for pediatric patients younger than 2 years of age? 3. what is emla used for? 4. name two safe ways that a child can be immobilized during a draw. 5. if an infant is under a bili light, what must the phlebotomist do before collection? 6. how is a pku sample collected? 7. name four physical changes that geriatric patients undergo and the phlebotomist must consider when collecting blood 8. explain the procedure for drawing blood from a geriatric patient. 9. what is a vad? 10. explain the procedure for drawing blood from a patient who has an iv line 11. list six types of vads 12. name at least two psychologic complications a child may experience during a phlebotomy

Explanation:

1. Strategies to reduce a child's anxiety before a blood - draw can include distraction (using toys or games to divert attention), positive communication (explaining the process in a calm and reassuring way), parental presence (having a parent nearby for comfort), using numbing agents (like EMLA cream), and showing empathy (acknowledging the child's feelings).
2. For pediatric patients younger than 2 years of age, a small - gauge butterfly needle is often used as it is more flexible and less traumatic.
3. EMLA (Eutectic Mixture of Local Anesthetics) is used to numb the skin before a medical procedure such as a blood draw to reduce pain.
4. Two safe ways to immobilize a child during a draw are using a papoose board (a flat board with straps to hold the child in place) and having an assistant gently hold the child in a secure but non - restrictive way.
5. If an infant is under a Bili light, the phlebotomist must first turn off the light to avoid interference with the blood collection process and to ensure proper visualization of veins.
6. A PKU (Phenylketonuria) sample is collected by pricking the infant's heel with a sterile lancet and collecting a few drops of blood on a special filter paper.
7. Four physical changes that geriatric patients undergo and the phlebotomist must consider are decreased skin elasticity (which can make vein location and puncture more difficult), thinner veins (more prone to collapse), decreased blood volume (less margin for error in collection), and reduced mobility (may require special positioning).
8. The procedure for drawing blood from a geriatric patient includes proper patient identification, choosing an appropriate vein (usually larger and more accessible ones), using a gentle touch due to skin and vein fragility, and applying pressure after the draw to prevent bruising.
9. A VAD (Vascular Access Device) is a device used to gain access to a patient's blood vessels for the administration of medications, fluids, or blood sampling.
10. The procedure for drawing blood from a patient who has an IV line includes stopping the IV flow (if possible), using a proper technique to avoid contamination, and flushing the line after the draw if necessary.
11. Six types of VADs are peripheral IV catheters, central venous catheters, peripherally inserted central catheters (PICCs), implanted ports, mid - line catheters, and arterial catheters.
12. At least two psychological complications a child may experience during a phlebotomy are anxiety (fear of the procedure) and post - traumatic stress (if the experience is very negative).

Answer:

1. Distraction, positive communication, parental presence, numbing agents, empathy.
2. Small - gauge butterfly needle.
3. To numb the skin before a medical procedure to reduce pain.
4. Papoose board, assistant holding.
5. Turn off the Bili light.
6. Prick the infant's heel with a sterile lancet and collect blood on filter paper.
7. Decreased skin elasticity, thinner veins, decreased blood volume, reduced mobility.
8. Proper identification, choose appropriate vein, gentle touch, apply pressure after draw.
9. A device to gain access to blood vessels for administration or sampling.
10. Stop IV flow (if possible), proper technique, flush line if necessary.
11. Peripheral IV catheters, central venous catheters, PICCs, implanted ports, mid - line catheters, arterial catheters.
12. Anxiety, post - traumatic stress.