Question

the split into sunni and shia divisions of islam can be traced to
a conflict about trade with europe
differences over the five pillars
a disagreement over the arabic language
a dispute about who should succeed muhammad as leader of the muslim community

Explanation:

The split between Sunni and Shia Islam originated from a dispute over who should succeed Muhammad as the leader of the Muslim community. After Muhammad's death, there was a disagreement about whether leadership should go to a qualified individual (Sunni view, favoring Abu Bakr) or to a blood relative (Shia view, favoring Ali, Muhammad's cousin and son - in - law). The other options are incorrect: trade conflicts with Europe are not related to the Sunni - Shia split; differences over the Five Pillars are not the cause (the Five Pillars are fundamental to all Muslims); and the Arabic language is not the source of this religious division.

Answer:

a dispute about who should succeed Muhammad as leader of the Muslim community