Question

suppose you want to know the average amount of money spent by the fans attending opening day for the st. louis cardinals baseball season. you get permission from the team’s management to conduct a survey at the stadium, but they will not allow you to bother the fans in the club seating or box seats (the most expensive seating). after selecting a random sample of 500 seats from the rest of the stadium, you ask the fans in those seats how much they spent that day. explain how undercoverage might lead to bias in this study. is the average from the sample likely greater than or less than the average for all fans in attendance? this study displays undercoverage because the fans in the club seats and box seats can’t be part of the sample. these fans would likely spend at the game than fans in the cheaper seats, so the from the sample is likely the for all fans in attendance.

Explanation:

1. First blank: Fans in club and box seats (most expensive) likely spend more than those in cheaper seats. So "more".
2. Second blank: The value we get from the sample (the average of the sample) is what's being compared. So "average".
3. Third blank: Since we excluded the high - spending fans, the sample average will be lower than the true average (for all fans). So "less than".
4. Fourth blank: We are comparing to the average for all fans in attendance. So "average".

Answer:

This study displays undercoverage because the fans in the club seats and box seats can't be part of the sample. These fans would likely spend \(\boldsymbol{\text{more}}\) at the game than fans in the cheaper seats, so the \(\boldsymbol{\text{average}}\) from the sample is likely \(\boldsymbol{\text{less than}}\) the \(\boldsymbol{\text{average}}\) for all fans in attendance.