Question

what was the birmingham campaign?
a. a series of meetings held by civil rights groups about the future of the civil rights movement
b. a series of deadly bombings carried out by white segregationists throughout birmingham
c. peaceful demonstrations by members of the acmhr and the sclc at birmingham city hall
d. random, violent demonstrations by members of the acmhr and the sclc throughout birmingham

Explanation:

The Birmingham Campaign (1963) was a coordinated civil rights effort led by the ACMHR (Alabama Christian Movement for Human Rights) and SCLC (Southern Christian Leadership Conference). It centered on nonviolent, peaceful demonstrations (including at city hall) to challenge racial segregation in Birmingham, Alabama, targeting segregated public spaces, employment discrimination, and unfair laws. Option A is incorrect as it was action-focused, not just meetings. Option B describes violence by segregationists (a response to the campaign, not the campaign itself). Option D is wrong because the demonstrations were nonviolent, not random or violent.

Answer:

C. Peaceful demonstrations by members of the ACMHR and the SCLC at Birmingham City Hall